摘要
目的:探究在大棚种植下,纳米碳酸钙和四水硝酸钙叶面肥对定植1年铁皮石斛的农艺性状、糖类及内源激素含量的影响,以期为提高铁皮石斛产量和品质提供科学的施肥依据.方法:采用单因素试验设计,从早春开始,对铁皮石斛进行叶面喷施处理.依据不同肥料设置3个处理组,分别为空白组(清水)、纳米碳酸钙组(0.727 g·L-1的纳米碳酸钙水溶肥)和四水硝酸钙组(1.091 g·L-1的四水硝酸钙水溶肥).喷施频率为每月3次,整个处理过程持续9个月.动态监测各处理对铁皮石斛性状、相对叶绿素含量的影响.分别于2023年8月2日、2023年9月8日和2023年11月1日这3个时间节点进行采样.分别采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定铁皮石斛茎中葡萄糖和甘露糖含量,苯酚法测定铁皮石斛茎和叶中可溶性糖含量,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测细胞分裂素和生长素浓度.结果:与空白组比较,纳米碳酸钙和四水硝酸钙处理的茎长、茎节数、叶片数和分蘖数均明显提高.其中,在11月采收期,作为与铁皮石斛产量相关指标的茎长和分蘖数,在四水硝酸钙处理后分别提高了 60.85％和19.23％,纳米碳酸钙处理后分别提高了 32.54％和28.85％.与空白组比较,纳米碳酸钙和四水硝酸钙处理均不同程度地促进了铁皮石斛茎和叶中蔗糖的积累,以及茎中多糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖的积累.此外,纳米碳酸钙处理还促进了铁皮石斛茎和叶中果糖的积累.在11月采收期,作为铁皮石斛茎中主要活性成分的多糖和甘露糖,在四水硝酸钙处理后分别提高了 28.48％和29.36％,纳米碳酸钙处理后分别提高了 39.91％和82.62％.此外,与空白组比较,四水硝酸钙处理后,铁皮石斛茎和叶中的生长素浓度明显提高(P＜0.05);纳米碳酸钙处理后,铁皮石斛茎中的细胞分裂素和生长素浓度也有所提高.相关性分析进一步表明,叶面喷施纳米碳酸钙和四水硝酸钙后,铁皮石斛茎的伸长生长和分蘖可能与茎和叶中糖类的积累,以及生长素和细胞分裂素的协同作用有关.结论:在生产实践中,喷施纳米碳酸钙和四水硝酸钙可促进铁皮石斛茎和叶中细胞分裂素、生长素及糖类含量的积累,并促进茎的分蘖和伸长生长.
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the effects of foliar fertilizer of nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate on the agronomic traits,carbohydrate and endogenous hormone contents of Dendrobium officinale planted for 1 year under greenhouse cultivation,in order to provide scientific basis for fertilization to improve the yield and quality of D.officinale.Methods:Single-factor experimental design was adopted.Starting from early spring,D.officinale was treated with foliar spraying according to corresponding fertilizers.Three treatment groups were established based on different fertilizers,namely,a blank group(clear water),a nano-calcium carbonate group(0.727 g·L-1 nano-calcium carbonate water-soluble fertilizer),and a calcium nitrate tetrahydrate group(1.091 g·L-1 calcium nitrate tetrahydrate water-soluble fertilizer).The frequency of spraying was three times per month,and the entire treatment process lasted for nine months.The effects of various treatments on the traits and relative chlorophyll content of D.officinale were dynamically monitored.Sampling was conducted at three specific time points:August 2,2023,September 8,2023,and November 1,2023,respectively.The contents of glucose and mannose in D.officinale stems were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),the content of soluble sugars in D.officinale stems and leaves was determined by phenol method,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the concentrations of cytokinin and auxin.Results:Compared with the blank group,the treatments with nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate could significantly increase stem length,stem node number,leaf number,and tiller number.Among them,during the harvesting period in November,the stem length and tiller number,which are indicators related to the yield of D.officinale,increased by 60.85％and 19.23％after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate,and by 32.54％and 28.85％after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate,respectively.Compared with the blank group,treatments with nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate could promote the accumulation of sucrose in the stems and leaves of D.officinale to varying degrees,as well as the accumulation of polysaccharides,mannose,and glucose in the stems.In addition,nano-calcium carbonate treatment also facilitated the accumulation of fructose in the stems and leaves of D.officinale.Specifically,during the harvesting period in November,polysaccharides and mannose,which were the main active ingredients in D.officinale stems,increased by 28.48％and 29.36％after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate,and by 39.91％and 82.62％after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate,respectively.In addition,compared with the blank group,the concentrations of auxin in the stems and leaves of D.officinale were significantly increased after treatment with calcium nitrate tetrahydrate(P＜0.05).Similarly,the concentrations of cytokinin and auxin in the stems of D.officinale were also elevated after treatment with nano-calcium carbonate.Correlation analysis further indicated that elongation growth and tillering of D.officinale stems after foliar spraying of nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate might be related to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the stems and leaves and the synergistic effect of auxin and cytokinin.Conclusion:In production practice,spraying nano-calcium carbonate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate can promote the accumulation of cytokinin,auxin,and carbohydrate contents in the stems and leaves of D.officinale,and promote tillering and elongation growth of the stems.
维普
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