Expression of adiponectin and its receptor in epididymis of yaks at different ages
The objective of this study was to examine the expression and localization of adiponectin(APN)and its receptor in the epididymis of yaks in different ages.This study examined the expression and localization of Adiponectin(APN)and its receptor in the epididymis(caput,corpus,and cauda)of young(0.5-1 year old),adult(4-5 year old),and old(7 year old)yaks using real-time fluorescence quantita-tive PCR(qRT-PCR),Western-blotting(WB),and immunohistochemistry(IHC)methods.The study examined the expression and localization of APN and its receptors,APNR1 and APNR2,in different age groups of yaks us-ing qRT-PCR.The results showed that APN and APNR1 expression levels were significantly higher in the epididymal cauda of aged yaks compared to juvenile and adult yaks(P＜0.05).APNR2 levels were significantly higher in the caput and corpus of adult and aged yaks compared to the cauda of aged yaks(P＜0.05).Addi-tionally,APNR2 levels were higher in the caput and corpus of adult and aged yaks(P＜0.05).In the cauda of aged yak epididymis,the mRNA transcript levels of APN and APNR1 were significantly higher(P＜0.05)than those of juvenile and adult.APNR2 showed an increasing trend in the caput,corpus,and cauda of adult and aged epidi dymis,with the highest transcript level in the cauda of aged epididymis(P＜0.05).West-ern-blotting revealed a decreasing trend of APN protein in the caput,corpus,and cauda of juvenile epi-didymis(P＜0.05),while an opposite trend was observed in the caput,corpus,and cauda of aged yak epi-didymis(P＜0.05).The expression of APNR1 protein was significantly higher in aged epididymis than in juvenile and adult epididymis(P＜0.05).Additionally,APNR1 protein expression was highest in aged epi-didymis(P＜0.05).APNR2 protein expression was highest in the caput of juvenile epididymis and showed an increasing trend in the caput,corpus,and cauda of adult and aged epididymis.Finally,APNR2 protein ex-pression was highest in the cauda of aged epididymis(P＜0.05).The APNR2 protein exhibited a decreasing trend in the caput,corpus,and cauda of juvenile epididymis,but conversely,it showed an increasing trend in adult and aged epididymis(P＜0.05).Notably,it was found to be highest in the cauda of aged epi-didymis(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry(IHC)results revealed that APN,APNR1,and APNR2 were distribut-ed in epididymal epithelial cells,cilia,mesenchyme,and spermatozoa.The study found significant varia-tion in the expression of APN and its receptors before and after sexual maturation in yaks.It is hypothe-sized that APN and its receptors play a crucial role in sperm maturation,transportation,and storage in the epididymis of yaks.This experiment provides a theoretical basis for studying the regulation of male yak reproduction in the plateau environment.
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