Complications of soft and hard tissue augmentation in an-terior teeth area and clinical management strategies
Implant restoration in the maxillary anterior re-gion is a challenging task as it is the most critical area for aes-thetics in the mouth.However,tooth extraction due to various periodontal and apical problems often leads to insufficient hor-izontal and vertical bone masses in the alveolar cleft during implant restoration.The surgical procedures for bone augmen-tation in the anterior alveolar crest region include guided bone tissue regeneration,block bone transfer,and bone splitting and condensing.However,soft tissue collapse can still occur even after bone augmentation surgery.To restore the soft tis-sue contours of the esthetic zone,free connective tissue trans-fer is often used clinically.These complex soft and hard tissue surgeries can cause complications such as wound dehiscence,infection,bleeding and hematoma,nerve injuries,implant ex-posure,necrosis and absorption,soft tissue cracking,and in-sufficient width or thickness of keratinized gingiva.This study introduces the risk factors and clinical management strategies of complications related to bone augmentation and soft tissue augmentation in the maxillary anterior zone,and presents some risk prevention and control suggestions in order to re-duce the incidence of complications.
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