The clinical treatment of pulpitis or apical periodontitis secondary to distal caries in mandibular second molars due to impacted mandibular third molars
Distal caries in mandibular second molars as-sociated with impacted mandibular third molars are hidden,of-ten located subgingivally,which may lead to pulpitis or apical periodontitis,and accompanied by distal periodontal patholo-gies such as distal alveolar bone resorption.During the treat-ment,mandibular second molars face difficulties in rubber dam isolation,anatomical complexities of root canals,iatrogen-ic injury,insufficient occluso-gingival distance,and coronal restoration.Choosing appropriate dental,periodontal,and res-toration treatment is of great value in preserving mandibular second molars.This article reviews the clinical characteris-tics,treatment difficulties,and clinical treatment strategies se-lection of pulpitis or apical periodontitis secondary to distal caries in mandibular second molars due to impacted third mo-lars.
mandibular second molarmandibular third molarC-shaped root canalmicro-endodontic therapyendo-crown
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