Analysis of issues with the nine standardized intraoral photographs taken by dental students during periodontal clinical internship
Objective To analyze common issues and reasons for inadequate capture of nine standardized intraoral pho-tographs during clinical periodontal internship of dental students.Methods Fifty sets of nine standardized intraoral photographs were collected from 28 eight-year program dental students at the College of Stomatology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,from the 2018 cohort,during their clinical internship in periodontology.The occurrence rates of 10 common photographing issues were calculated.Further analysis was conducted on issues with occurrence rates ≥ 50％.Results The occurrence rates of common photographing issues,from highest to lowest,were as follows:coexistence of actual and mirror images:80.0％(40/50);failure to capture direct frontal view:74.0％(37/50);incomplete removal of saliva:56.0％(28/50);incorrect cropping:56.0％(28/50);insuf-ficient retraction of lips for anterior teeth:52.0％(26/50);reflection of mirror edges in image:50.0％(25/50);insuffi-cient gingival exposure:46.0％(23/50);excessive bright-ness or darkness:36.0％(18/50);incomplete capture of teeth:34.0％(17/50);fogging/saliva/stains on mirror:34.0％(17/50).Coexistence of actual and mirror images primarily occurred in the posterior teeth region,mainly mirror images coexisting with actual images of tooth/gum or lips/cheeks;failure to capture direct frontal views mainly included midline deviation,lingual/palatal side occlusal surface capture,and posterior teeth captured too mesially;incomplete removal of saliva was predominantly observed on tooth surfaces,in-terdental spaces,and the floor of the mouth;errors in cropping primarily involved failure to remove actual image and mir-ror edge;the most common occurrence of insufficient retraction of lips for anterior teeth was in the palatal side images;the reflection of the mirror edge primarily occurred in lingual-side images of the posterior teeth.Conclusion There are many problems with the nine standardized intraoral photographs taken by dental students in the periodontal clinical in-ternship.During teaching,it is necessary to emphasize the correct methods of mirror placement,lip traction and framing during shooting.Before taking photos,emphasis should be placed on removing saliva on tooth surfaces,interdental spaces,and the floor of the mouth.After photography,it is crucial to stress the standard of photo cropping.
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