Clinical application of second molar protraction in closing the space of first molar missing or extraction
First molar missing or extraction is common in orthodontic clinic,and the protraction of the second molar to close the space of the missing tooth is an important method to replace the missing tooth and to maintain the occlusal func-tion.However,many factors,such as patients'age,tooth tilt angle and periodontal condition,should be taken into consid-eration during the second molar protraction.Besides,doctors should try to avoid the risk of alveolar bone and root absorp-tion.Due to the strong anchorage effect of second molar,more rigorous anchorage design and effective support are need-ed.This review summarizes the indications,protraction method and risks,aming to provide clinical reference for the orth-odontic treatment for closing the space of first molar missing or extraction by second molar protraction.