摘要
电解质平衡能够维持机体细胞结构和功能完整,其调控机制非常复杂.肾脏和胃肠道是维持电解质平衡的主要执行器官,而下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、甲状旁腺,以及心血管等在电解质平衡的调控中发挥重要作用.电解质紊乱危害极大,微观水平上,可引起细胞结构改变、酶活性异常、代谢异常、细胞膜电位差失衡和信号传导异常;宏观水平上,表现为体液渗透压、酸碱平衡变化、神经精神异常、神经-肌肉兴奋性改变、心律失常、消化系统和泌尿系统功能异常等.对于电解质紊乱,临床工作重点在于及时、恰当地纠正电解质紊乱,积极寻找电解质紊乱的病因.
Abstract
Electrolyte homeostasis is essential to keeping normal structure and function of cells in human,and its mechanism of regulation is complicated.Kidney and gastrointestine and other organs work together to maintain electrolyte steady,under regulation of hormones secreted by many organs,such as hypothalamus,pituitary,adrenal glands,parathyroid,and cardiovascular system etc.Dysfunction of these organs and regulators may lead to electrolyte disturbances.For cells,electrolyte disturbances result in structural instability,enzyme inactivation,metabolic disorders,voltage instability of membrane and abnormal signal transduction;in clinic,it give rise to abnormal osmotic pressure of body fluid,mental disorder,dysfunction of neuromuscular junction,arrhythmia,indigestion and renal insufficiency.It is of importance for physician to maintain electrolyte steady timely and rightly.What's more,we should find the culprit lesion.
基金项目
吉林省内分泌代谢疾病重点实验室项目(20190901006JC)
国家代谢性疾病临床医学研究中心省级分中心项目(YDZJ202202CXJD042)
科技厅吉林省个体化精准诊疗工程技术研究中心项目(20170623005TC)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据