This experiment was conducted to study the histochemical properties and the distribution of mast cells in bovine mammary glands during different breeding period.Specimens of mammary glands from 21 healthy dairy cow were selected and SP method was exploited to investigate the expression of tryptase in mast cells.The results showed that the mast cells expressed tryptase.Compared with non-lactating period,the number of mast cells decreased remarkably during lactating period(P〈0.01).The number of mast cells was the lest in mammary gland 60 days after parturition.These results indicated that the number of mast cells in mammary glands varied with the physiological period of dairy cows,and the local immune ability of mammary gland was enhanced during non-lactating period.