When eukaryotic cells are undergoing stimulations like oxidative stress,heat shock,or vi-ral infection,cellular stress response will quickly initiate to stop translation,leading to the produc-tion of a large number of stress granules(SGs).SGs,as dynamic membraneless protein-RNA ag-gregates,play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating host gene ex-pression.Upon viral invasion,the host halts translation to form SGs,thereby arresting the transla-tion of viral proteins within host cells.This process recruits innate immune-related host factors,limiting the virus from exploiting host translation machinery to complete its life cycle.It activates the innate immune pathway.However,some viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to counter SGs,in order to provide a better intracellular environment for viral replication.Here,we review the generation of SGs,antiviral mechanism of SGs,and the strategies for escaping SGs during virus e-volution,in order to provide a new perspective for the development of antiviral drugs.
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