目的 探讨 2 型糖尿病患者对饮食治疗认知现状及具体的饮食健康需求,为临床制定针对性饮食方案提供参考.方法 110 例 2 型糖尿病患者为研究对象,通过社区入户随访,采用问卷调查2 型糖尿病患者对饮食治疗认知现状(基本资料、糖尿病膳食知识掌握情况、糖尿病患者膳食行为情况、膳食误区认知情况)及饮食健康需求.结果 110 例患者中男 61 例、女 49 例;年龄 18～59 岁,平均年龄(50.42±4.64)岁;病程 2～12 年,平均病程(6.82±1.24)年;体重 46～61 kg,平均体重(51.42±2.42)kg;身高 152～178 cm,平均身高(164.14±2.42)cm;文化程度:24 例小学及以下、34 例初中、32 例中专/高中、20 例大专大学及以上;职业状况:58 例离休、30 例在职、22 例无业;种族:29 例维吾尔族、2 例回族、79 例汉族.110 例患者中大部分患者对糖尿病膳食知识不清楚.110 例患者中近 1 周按糖尿病饮食要求合理安排饮食的天数:7 d 84 例(76.36%)、0～6 d 26 例(23.64%);近 1 个月平均每周按糖尿病饮食要求合理安排饮食的天数:7 d 64 例(58.18%)、0～6 d 46 例(41.82%);近 1 周每天摄入水果和蔬菜达5 种或 5 种以上的天数:6 d及以上 74 例(67.27%)、0～5 d 36 例(32.73%);近 1 周每天摄入高脂肪的食物(如肉类食物、全脂奶制品等)的天数:0 d 50 例(45.45%)、1～3 d 46 例(41.82%)、4～7 d 14 例(12.73%).110 例患者对膳食认知存在误区.不同性别、年龄、文化程度、职业状况患者对饮食健康的需求情况对比,差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 2 型糖尿病患者对饮食治疗认知不足,在进行饮食治疗时需要结合患者性别、年龄、文化程度、职业等进行针对性宣教,旨在确保宣教效果及患者依从性.
Survey and analysis of the cognitive status quo of type 2 diabetes mellitus patient on dietary therapy and their dietary health needs
Objective To explore the cognitive status quo of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on dietary therapy and their specific dietary health needs,so as to provide reference for clinical formulation of targeted diet programs.Methods A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected as the research subjects.The cognitive status quo of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on dietary therapy(basic information,knowledge of diabetes diet,dietary behavior,dietary misunderstanding)and dietary health needs were evaluated by questionnaire survey through community follow-up.Results Among the 110 patients,61 cases were male and 49 cases were female;age:18-59 years old,average age(50.42±4.64)years old;course of disease:2-12 years,average duration(6.82±1.24)years;weight:46-61 kg,average weight(51.42±2.42)kg;height:152-178 cm,average height(164.14±2.42)cm;educational level:24 cases of primary school and below,34 cases of junior high school,32 cases of middle/high school,20 cases of college and above;occupational status:58 cases of retired,30 cases of employed,22 cases of unemployed;ethnicity:29 cases of Uyghur,2 cases of Hui,79 cases of Han.Most of the 110 patients had no clear knowledge of diabetes diet.Among the 110 patients,the number of days in the last 1 week that the diet was rationally arranged in accordance with the diabetic dietary requirements:84 cases(76.36%)in 7 d,26 cases(23.64%)in 0-6 d;the average number of days per week in the last month that the diet was rationally arranged in accordance with the diabetic dietary requirements:64 cases(58.18%)in 7 d,46 cases(41.82%)in 0-6 d;the number of days in the last 1 week that the daily intake of fruits and vegetables amounted to 5 or 5 or more types of fruits and vegetables per day in the last 1 week:74 cases(67.27%)in 6 d and above,36 cases(32.73%)in 0-5 d;the number of days of daily intake of high-fat food(such as meat food,full-fat dairy products,etc.)in the last 1 week:50 cases(45.45%)in 0 d,46 cases(41.82%)in 1-3 d,14 cases(12.73%)in 4-7 d.Misunderstandings about dietary perception were present in 110 patients.There was statistical significance in the dietary health requirements of patients with different gender,age,education level and occupational status(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have insufficient cognition of dietary therapy,and targeted education should be carried out according to the patient's gender,age,education level and occupation during dietary therapy,so as to ensure the education effect and patient compliance.
Type 2 diabetes mellitusDietary therapyCognitive status quoDietary health needsSurvey
万方数据
维普
