Epidemiological characterization of mumps in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2021
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2021 and compare the occurrence of mumps from 2018 to 2021,so as to provide a basis for effective prevention and control of mumps.Methods Descriptive analysis of mumps and epidemic monitoring data in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2021.Results From 2018 to 2021,510 cases of mumps were directly reported through the national epidemic network system in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City,with an average annual incidence rate of 11.83/100 000,showing an increasing trend in incidence rates.The average annual incidence of mumps in 2018 was lower than in 2019 and 2021,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=0.649,0.360,1.621;P=0.420,0.549,0.203>0.05).The average annual incidence of mumps in 2020 was lower than that in 2021,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=0.460,P=0.498>0.05).The incidence of mumps occurred in all months in 2018-2021,and the incidence was concentrated in May-July and September-November,with a total of 324 cases,accounting for 63.53%.In 2018-2021,all 18 streets(towns)in Zhangqiu District had morbidity,and the average annual morbidity rate in urban areas(Mingshui and Shuangshan)was 19.72/100 000(245/1 242 272),and in rural areas(remaining streets or towns)was 8.64/100 000(265/3 068 589),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=91.873,P=0.000<0.01).Among 510 patients,there were 324 males and 186 females,with a male to female ratio of 1.74:1,with more males than females.The minimum age of onset was 8 months old and the maximum age was 82 years old,with 0-10 years old accounting for 85.49%of the total number of cases,and 48 cases>15 years old,accounting for 9.41%of the total number of cases.Among the 510 cases,158 cases were students,accounting for 30.98%,;242 cases were children in nursery institutions,accounting for 47.45%;81 cases were scattered children,accounting for 15.88%,;19 cases were farmers,accounting for 3.73%;and 10 cases were others,accounting for 1.96%;students and children in nursery institutions predominated,accounting for 78.43%of the total number of cases.Among the 510 patients,there were 159 cases with a clear history of immunization against measles-mumps-rubella vaccine,accounting for 31.18%of the total number of cases,of which 98 cases(19.22%)were students aged 6-15 years(98/510)and accounted for 62.03%of the cases of student morbidity(98/158).There were 351 cases with no or unknown immunization history,accounting for 68.82%of the total number of cases,mainly migrant children and adults.Among the 510 patients,28 cases had comorbidities,accounting for 5.49%.Among them,there were 20 cases of submandibular gland enlargement,accounting for 3.92%of the total number of cases;4 cases of encephalitis,accounting for 0.78%of the total number of cases,all of them were students;and 4 cases of orchitis,accounting for 0.78%of the total number of cases,all of them were adolescents>15 years of age or adults.Conclusion The cases are mainly school-age children and children in nursery institutions,and schools and nursery institutions are the focus of prevention and control of mumps.The main measures to reduce the incidence of mumps are to strictly check the vaccination certificate for school enrollment,eliminate immunization gaps,improve the rate of two-dose mumps vaccination,strengthen the supervision of schools and nursery institutions,and vigorously carry out health education.
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