摘要
目的 了解长春市儿童铅暴露现状及影响因素,为本地区儿童铅中毒防治工作提供科学依据.方法 以长春市某儿童医院儿童保健科在2017年5月-2018年9月收治的804例就诊儿童作为研究对象,进行血铅检测和问卷调查,分析儿童铅暴露的特点.结果 长春市儿童血铅水平为32.30(25.40,41.00)μg/L,男童和女童的血铅水平分别为33.00 μg/L、32.00 μg/L.其中53例血铅水平≥100 μg/L,高血铅检出率为6.59％(高铅血症34例、轻度铅中毒7例、中度铅中毒11例、无重度铅中毒例数).血铅正常组与异常组儿童在性别、父亲文化水平、啃指甲方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但在年龄、母亲文化水平、居住楼层、饭前洗手、吮吸手指、异食癖方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).儿童血铅异常的多因素分析显示:居住楼房较高、饭前洗手等是儿童血铅异常的保护因素(P＜0.05);儿童年龄低、吮吸手指、异食癖是儿童血铅异常的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 长春市儿童的血铅水平及高铅血症不容忽视,尤其是3岁及以下婴幼儿、不良行为习惯和异食癖与血铅水平有密切关系.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of lead exposure in children in Chang-chun,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of lead poisoning in children in this area.Methods To select 804 children as research objects in the Children's Health Department of a children's hospital in Changchun from May 2017 to September 2018.Blood lead detection and questionnaire survey were conducted,and the characteris-tics of lead exposure of children were analyzed.Results The blood lead level of children in Changchun City was 32.30(25.40,41.00)μg/L,33.00 μg/L for boys and 32.00 μg/L for girls.Among them,53 cases had blood lead levels 100 μg/L,and the detection rate of high blood lead was 6.59％(34 cases with high lead,7 cases with mild lead poison-ing,11 cases with moderate lead poisoning,and no severe lead poisoning).There was no significant difference between the normal group and the abnormal group in terms of gender,father's education level and nail biting(P＞0.05).How-ever,there were statistically significant differences in age group,mother's education level,floor of residence,children washing hands before meals,finger sucking and pica(P＜0.05).The multi-factor analysis showed that living building and washing hands before meals were protective factors for lead poisoning in children(P＜0.05).Childhood age,finger sucking and pica were risk factors for abnormal blood lead in children(P＜0.05).Conclusion The blood lead level and the detection rate of hyperlead were relatively low in children in Changchun from 2017 to 2018,and the daily behaviors and habits were closely related to the blood lead level.
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