A Review of Research on Metalinguistic Awareness in Braille Reading
Metalinguistic awareness is crucial in braille reading.To understand the developmental patterns of metalinguistic awareness in blind children across the two language systems of alphabetic writing and Chinese,this study reviews international and domestic literature,focusing on four aspects about blind childre:the measurement of metalinguistic awareness,the characteristics and influencing factors of metalinguistic awareness of blind children,the characteristics and influencing factors of metalinguistic awareness,the impact of metalinguistic awareness on Braille reading ability and the educational and intervention strategies for enhancing metalinguistic awareness.It was found that(1)the current measurement tools for metalinguistic awareness in blind children at home and abroad are still based on those designed for sighted children,and the content and difficulty of the tests are comparable to those for sighted children.(2)In terms of phonological awareness,the developmental level of phonological awareness in blind children who use alphabetic languages is similar to or even better than that of sighted children.However,it is not yet conclusive whether there is a difference between the phonological awareness of Chinese blind children and that of sighted children.Regarding morphemic awareness,as grade level increases,the gap between the morphemic awareness of Chinese blind children and that of sighted children gradually widens with the advancement of grades.Auditory processing ability,phonological perception,and knowledge of the alphabet are important factors affecting the phonological awareness of blind children who use alphabetic languages.(3)In studies of both alphabetic languages and Chinese Braille,significant correlations or predictive relationships have been found between metalinguistic awareness-such as phonological and morphological awareness-and vocabulary knowledge,reading speed and accuracy,and reading comprehension.(4)Currently,interventions for metalinguistic awareness in blind children are primarily based on school programs.These interventions rely on education and teaching in natural contexts at school and home but lacks systematic approaches and validation of their effectiveness.Future research needs to refine the measurement tools,deepen the content of the study,and focus on systematic intervention in education and their effectiveness.
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