To explore the processing deficits in syntactic awareness,vocabulary knowledge,and reading fluency in children with developmental dyslexia,this study compared 81 children with developmental dyslexia to 81 age-matched typically developing peers.The results showed that children with developmental dyslexia exhibited processing deficits in syntactic awareness,vocabulary knowledge and reading fluency across different grades.Additionally,syntactic awareness,and vocabulary knowledge were significantly correlated with reading fluency.These findings provide a critical evidence for developing targeted educational strategies to improve the reading skills of children with developmental dyslexia.