Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)is the most common complication of herpes zoster,caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus.PHN is primarily characterized by peripheral and central sensitization of the nervous system due to peripheral afferent nerve damage.Vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing PHN by avoiding herpes zoster infection.Timely administration of analgesics and antiviral therapy during the episode of acute herpes zoster can effectively prevent the development of PHN.The treatment of PHN mainly involves medication and minimally invasive interventions.This review will discuss recent advancements in epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,prevention,prediction and treatment strategies for PHN.
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