A Study on the Evolution of the Tone Rhyme from the Tang to the Song Dynasty
The period from the Tang and Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty marked the gradual formation of ci's rhyme,and the way of the use of rhymes in ci reflected the influence of literary traditions and musical elements on the formation and development of ci system.When ci tunes first emerged,they primarily employed level tones in rhymes,showcasing a strong inertia in literary traditions.The increase in the use of oblique tones and entering tones in ci tunes was determined by their nature of being adapted to music,reflecting a gradual increasing of the constraints of musical elements on ci.The level and oblique tones flourished in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties,and then declined in the early Northern Song Dynasty,which is associated with the type of lyrics popularized in Tang and Song dynasties.In the Tang Dynasty,short lyrics were prevalent,while in the Song Dynasty,long tunes emerged.Short lyrics were often influenced by drinking games,so the Tang ci was mostly in the form of changing rhymes.Long tunes,on the other hand,required elaboration and emphasized on arrangement.Frequent rhyme alternation in long tunes not only hindered the coherence of it but also increased the difficulty of composition for poets.Therefore,the style of rhyme alternation declined in the early Song Dynasty.The study of the generative mechanism of rhyme alternation in Tang and Song lyrics is also of great significance for exploring the general rules of stylistic development.
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