金砖五国药物国际贸易政策及对中国的启示
The international pharmaceutical trade policies of the BRICS countries and its implications for China
刘佐坤 1马望尧 2顾亦梧 2张雨阳 2马继炎 1庞明樊 3孙一诺 1黄旸木4
作者信息
- 1. 北京大学公共卫生学院 北京 100191
- 2. 北京大学医学人文学院 北京 100191
- 3. 北京大学公共卫生学院 北京 100191;中国疾病预防控制中心 北京 102206
- 4. 北京大学公共卫生学院 北京 100191;北京大学全球健康发展研究院 北京 100191
- 折叠
摘要
本文采用政策文本分析法,基于金砖五国相关政策文本,旨在比较分析其药物国际贸易政策目标、发展及成效.金砖五国药物国际贸易政策的主要目标为保障药物供应的持续性、营造良好的国际贸易环境以及扩大本国药物出口.围绕上述目标,巴西、俄罗斯与南非均通过大量进口药物保障药物供应,同时采取了专利强制许可、推动外企本土化等手段减少进口依赖;印度通过抵制进口保护本土产业以保障药物供应,同时推动医药产品出口;中国则不断优化审批与监管程序,以营造良好贸易环境并扩大出口.中国应在确保国内药物研发与供应性自主性的同时,进一步完善药物国际贸易政策,更好地在金砖国家形成合力,推动全球公共医药产品的可及性.
Abstract
This study adopted the policy text analysis method,review the historical background of the enactment,aimed to comparatively analyze the international pharmaceutical trade policies of the BRICS countries.The main objectives of the BRICS countries'international pharmaceutical trade policies included ensuring stable and accessible drug supply,expanding exports of domestic products and creating a favorable political environment.For these purposes,Brazil,Russia,and South Africa all ensure drug supply through substantial imports.However,they have also taken measures such as compulsory patent licensing and promoting localization of production by foreign companies to reduce import dependence.India,on the other hand,protects its domestic industry by resisting drug imports to ensure drug supply while simultaneously promoting the export of pharmaceutical products.China continually optimizes approval and data monitoring procedures to align with international standards,creating a favorable trade environment and expanding exports.China should further refine its international pharmaceutical trade policies while ensuring the autonomy of domestic drug research and supply,fostering stronger collaboration within BRICS nations and promoting global access to public healthcare products.
关键词
金砖国家/药物政策/国际贸易/全球卫生Key words
BRICS countries/Pharmaceutical policy/International trade/Global health引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据