摘要
"比兴"是中国诗学的核心概念,作为一种寓托式的创作或诠释方式,可与西方的allegory(讽寓)对话.汉学家余宝琳等人提出:西方allegory的字面意义与寓托意义,分别联结具体世界与抽象世界,这源自西方的二元论世界观;而中国"比兴"的字面意义与寓托意义则指向 自然的鸟兽草木与人事的历史政治,都属于具体的经验世界,这源自中国的一元论世界观.这种中西诗学对立模式虽然有一定的洞见,然而,它也有很大的盲视."比兴"与allegory的主要特征造成了其根本局限,这种根本局限的超越,恰恰在于吸纳那些与其主要特征相反的因素,即"比兴"吸纳了普遍观念、allegory吸纳了具体历史.在"比兴"与allegory的比较中,不应该简单地将它们贴上具体历史与普遍观念的标签,锁进两个泾渭分明的领地.
Abstract
"Bixing"is a central concept in Chinese poetics,and as a form of allegorical composition or interpretation,it is in dialogue with Western allegory.The fundamental limitations imposed by the main characteristics of"bixing"and allegory are transcended precisely by the incorporation of those elements that are opposite to their main characteristics,i.e.,"bixing"incorporates uni-versal concepts,and allegory incorporates specific histories.In the comparison between the two,one should not simply label them as specific history and universal concept,locking them into two distinct fields.
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