摘要
现象学诞生之后,古已有之的传统为之一变:"哲学与诗歌的官司"变成了"文学与哲学的对话"."官司"出于分歧或纷争,"对话"趋于共识和交融.可以从三个层面考察文学与现象学的对话:(1)曾有对话的回顾;(2)对话可能性的反思;(3)对中国文学与现象学之对话的展望.曾有的对话是全方位的,在文学理论、文学批评、文学史、文学创作诸方面均有所展开且硕果累累.对话的可能性在于,文学和现象学都试图"说不可说"."回到事情本身"和"非对象性思维"都表明现象学希望达到前概念、前语言的经验世界,而这一经验世界正是文学的活动空间.让现象学与中国文学发生对话,可以对中国文学形成前所未有的洞见和理解.孔子"诗可以兴"、王国维"境界"说、孟子"以意逆志"说是中国文学之现象学阐释的三个实例.中国文学和现象学的对话应该具有两个维度,一是借助现象学阐释中国文学的特色和精髓,二是借鉴现象学辨别中国文学中不合时宜的东西.
Abstract
After the birth of phenomenology,the ancient tradition has changed:the"lawsuit between philosophy and poetry"has become the"dialogue between literature and philosophy."The"law-suit"is based on disagreement or strife,while the"dialogue"tends to be consensus and conver-gence.The dialogue between literature and phenomenology can be examined from three levels:(1)a review of the previous dialogue;(2)a reflection on the possibility of dialogue;and(3)an outlook on the dialogue between literature and phenomenology in China.Existing such dialogues are all-encompassing,with fruitful results in literary theory literary criticism,literary history,and literary creation.The possibility of dialogue lies in the fact that both literature and phenome-nology try to"say the unsayable"Phenomenology's intention to"return to the thing itself"and its"non-objective thinking"indicate that it wants to reach the pre-conceptual,pre-linguistic world of experience,which happens to be the space of literature.By allowing phenomenology to have a dia-logue with Chinese literature,we can form an unprecedented vision and understanding of the latter.
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