Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of and prognostic factors for bronchiolitis obliterans after adenovirus infection in children.Methods Sixty children with bronchiolitis obliterans(BO)after adenovirus pneumonia treated in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2022 were selected(observation group),and another 60 children without BO after adenovirus pneumonia in our hospital during the same period were also included(control group).The clinical features and findings on high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)were compared between the observation group and the control group.The factors contributing to poor prognosis of children with BO after adenovirus pneumonia were analyzed.Results The proportions of children with age＜3 years,duration of fever ≥ 7 days,peak of fever ≥ 40 ℃,wheezing,shortness of breath,hypoxemia,mechanical ventilation,mosaic perfusion signs,bronchiectasis,bronchial wall thickening and＞3 pulmonary lobes involved in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The proportions of children with age＜3 years,hypoxemia and＞3 pulmonary lobes involved were higher in those with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis among the observation group(P＜0.05).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that young age[(OR)=0.505(95％CI:0.350,0.728)],hypoxemia[(OR)=2.779(95％CI:1.505,5.132)]and＞3 pulmonary lobes involved[(OR)=4.540(95％CI:2.061,10.003)]were factors contributing to poor prognosis of children with BO after adenovirus pneumonia(P＜0.05).Conclusions The children with BO after adenovirus infection are younger and have severer clinical symptoms,and their prognosis may be affected by age,hypoxemia and pulmonary lobe involvement.
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