Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Ribosome Biogenesis Regulator 1 Homolog(RRS1)in the tissues and cells of neuroblastoma.Methods TARGET database was used to analyze the expression of RRS1 in neuroblastoma tissues and the correlation between RRS1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and patient survival status.The GEO database was used to analyze the expression of RRS1 in neuroblastoma cell lines.Then,lentivirus transfection method was used to knockdown or overexpress RRS1 in SK-N-AS cells;CCK8 and Colony formation assay were used to detect cell proliferation,Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect cell apoptosis and cycle distribution,and Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration.Results Increased RRS1 level was found in 59 neuroblastoma cases(59/150).The expression of RRS1 gene in high-risk group was significantly higher than that in intermediate and low risk groups(P<0.01).In addition,compared with negative control cells,the expression of RRS1 gene was significantly increased in NB cell lines(P<0.05).The pathological analysis results showed,the expression level of RRS1 is associated with age,INSS stage,COG risk,MYCN amplification,and death(clinical follow-up)(P<0.05);Kaplan-meier survival analysis demonstrated that the high RRS1 expression group had shorter Overall survival(OS)compared with the low expression group(P<0.001).Cell function experiments indicated that RRS1 overexpression not only could promote cell proliferation,cycle progression and migration,but also inhibit cell apoptosis.Down-regulation of the expression of RRS1 showed the opposite result.Conclusions The high expression of RRS1 is associated with poor prognosis,and it may be involved in regulating cell proliferation,apoptosis,cycle progression and migration of neuroblastoma cell.