摘要
目的:检索、评价并总结成人体外膜氧合(ECMO)撤机策略的相关证据,为临床实践提供依据.方法:计算机检索Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、万方数据库、中国知网、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、英国医学杂志最佳临床实践数据库(BMJ Best Practice)、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)指南库、乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心数据库、UpToDate以及美国卫生保健研究与质量机构(AHRQ)、美国重症医学会(SCCM)、美国重症护理协会(AACN)、欧洲重症医学会(ESICM)、体外生命支持组织(ELSO)等机构网站中与ECMO撤机相关的随机对照试验、系统评价、指南、证据总结、专家共识、临床决策,检索时限为建库至 2023 年 7 月.由循证团队进行文献筛选、质量评价、证据提取和总结.结果:共纳入 13 篇文献,包括 4 篇指南、4 篇专家共识、3 篇临床决策、2 篇系统评价,形成 42 条关于成人ECMO撤机策略的证据,包括建议在静脉-静脉体外膜氧合(V-V ECMO)撤机前评估患者能否充分进行气体交换、当静脉-动脉体外膜氧合(V-A ECMO)患者心功能基本恢复时应尽早撤机等,内容涉及团队建立、抗凝管理、评估、撤机实施、管路与伤口管理、质量控制 6 个方面.结论:本研究对成人ECMO撤机策略进行了文献总结,为规范ECMO撤机提供了参考信息.建议结合医院实际情况构建ECMO团队,应用当前证据规范ECMO撤机流程,从而提高ECMO患者的救治成功率.
Abstract
Objectives:To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the contemporary evidence of strategies for weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)of adult patients,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical practice.Methods:The Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Wanfang Database,CNKI,VIP website,SinoMed,BMJ Best Practice,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,Joanna Briggs Institute Library,UpToDate and the website of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,Society of Critical Care Medicine,American Association of Critical-Care Nurses,European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Extracorporeal Life Support Organization were researched to collect the literature related to randomized controlled trials,systematic reviews,guidelines,evidence summaries,expert consensuses and clinical decisions in this field.The time limit for the retrieval is from the inception of databases until July 2023.Results:A total of 13 related literature were retrieved,including 4 guidelines,4 expert consensuses,3 clinical decisions and 2 system reviews.Totally 42 evidences were formulated based on retrieved literature,including adequately accessing the ability of gas exchange before weaning from veno-venous ECMO(V-V ECMO)and withdrawing from veno-arterial ECMO(V-A ECMO)as soon as possible when patients's heart function has recovered,involving six aspects such as team composition,anticoagulation measures,assessment before weaning,weaning implementation,cannula and wound management and quality measures.Conclusions:It is suggested to build a professional ECMO team based on the actual hospital situation,to follow the contemporary evidence to standardize the weaning process of patients from ECMO to ensure the patients'safety and improve the outcomes.
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