目的:探讨单次运动对ADHD患者执行功能的作用，为ADHD的运动干预提供理论依据。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方等数据平台中截至2023年4月21日发表的有关单次运动对ADHD患者执行功能作用的实验研究。结果:共纳入15篇文献，ADHD患者515例。Meta分析结果显示，单次运动可提高ADHD患者抑制控制(SMD=0。36，95％CI=0。17～0。55，P＜0。05)、认知灵活性(SMD=0。40，95％CI=0。10～0。69，P＜0。05)。亚组分析结果显示，单次运动仅能改善儿童青少年ADHD患者的抑制控制、认知灵活性(SMD=0。36、0。43，均P＜0。05)，而对成年ADHD患者无效(SMD=0。34、0。14，均P＞0。05);仅有中高强度、≤20 min、开式运动技能为主的单次运动可同时提高ADHD患者的抑制控制(SMD=0。47、0。51、0。47，均P＜0。05)与认知灵活性(SMD=0。86、0。65、0。86，均P＜0。05)。结论:单次运动可改善ADHD儿童青少年的抑制控制和认知灵活性，对其工作记忆以及成年患者的执行功能均无显著作用。
A meta-analysis of effects of acute exercise on executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Objective:To explore the effect of acute exercise on the executive function in patients with atten-tion deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and to provide a theoretical basis for the exercise intervention of ADHD.Methods:Experimental studies on the effect of acute exercise on executive function in patients with ADHD published up to 21 April 2023 were searched from PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang,and other data platforms.Results:A total of 15 studies were included,and 515 patients with ADHD were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that a single exercise could improve inhibitory control(SMD=0.36,95％CI=0.17-0.55,P＜0.05)and cognitive flexibility(SMD=0.40,95％CI=0.10-0.69,P＜0.05)in pa-tients with ADHD.The results of subgroup analysis showed that in terms of the age of the participants,a single ex-ercise could only improve inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in children and adolescents with ADHD(SMD=0.36,0.43,Ps＜0.05),but not in adult patients with ADHD(SMD=0.34,0.14,Ps＞0.05).In terms of exer-cise regimen,only a single exercise with moderate and high intensity,≤ 20 minutes,and open motor skills could simultaneously improve inhibitory control(SMD=0.47,0.51,0.47,Ps＜0.05)and cognitive flexibility(SMD=0.86,0.65,0.86,Ps＜0.05)in patients with ADHD.Conclusion:Acute exercise could improve inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in children and adolescents with ADHD,but has no significant effect on working memory and executive function in adult patients.
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