Advances in Boar Semen Cryopreservation Technologies
Boar semen cryopreservation,as a vital technology for swine industry,is conducive to improve the utilization rate of excellent breeding boars and realize the long-term preservation of superior germplasm resources,as well as the elevation of efficiency in breeding farms.At present,various progress has been made in boar semen cryopreservation,the conception rate and the number born alive by domestic application of pig frozen semen have basically reached the level of foreign frozen semen breeding.However,due to the certain degree of damage of pig spermatozoa in frozen-thawed process which caused sperm fertility declined and the fertilization window period shortened,hence there is still a big gap in application of frozen semen.The article reviews the development process of cryopreservation technology for pig semen at home and abroad,introduces the basic characteristics of pig semen and sperm,briefly describes the mechanism of sperm damage caused by the cooling process,and analyzes and introduces the mechanism and methods of reducing freezing damage from the perspective of the composition of cryodiluents,such as adding cryoprotectants to reduce the formation of ice crystals inside and outside cells,maintaining osmotic pressure inside and outside cells,and stabilizing cell membrane structure.Adding antibacterial substances to inhibit the rapid reproduction of bacteria after thawing.Adding antioxidants to reduce reactive oxygen species levels,alleviate oxidative stress,protect sperm structure and fertilization ability,etc.Finally,the future development direction of boar semen cryopreservation technology is expected to provide reference for related research and practical applications.
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