戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus，HEV)是一种单链、非包膜的RNA病毒，目前可分为8个基因型。作为一种人兽共患病原体，HEV能引起人的急性病毒性肝炎和动物的感染，其主要的传播途径为粪-口传播，也可通过输血和母婴传播。HEV主要在发展中国家流行，而欧美等发达国家也有散发的病例。目前，检测HEV的常用方法是实时荧光定量RT-PCR和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)，也有学者利用反转录重组酶聚合酶扩增(RT-RPA)和CRISPR系统等新型检测方法进行HEV检测。在药物治疗方面，可用利巴韦林、干扰素或多烯磷脂酰胆碱(PPC)等化合物治疗HEV引起的感染，也可使用中药单味或复方改善临床症状并作协同治疗。接种疫苗被认为是预防和控制HEV感染的有效手段，但目前仍无有效的HEV体外细胞培养系统，传统的灭活苗和减毒苗无法批量制备。当前HEV疫苗的研究方向主要有基因重组蛋白疫苗、DNA疫苗、联合疫苗和口服疫苗等。接种疫苗是预防戊型肝炎的重要措施，采用切断传播途径为主的综合性预防措施也可控制该病的流行。笔者主要通过对HEV的检测方法、药物治疗和疫苗免疫等方面的研究进展进行归纳和总结，并对HEV的防控研究进行展望，以期为HEV的预防与控制提供新的思路。
Advances in Research on Hepatitis E Virus
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is a single-stranded,non-enveloped RNA virus,which can be divided into 8 genotypes.As a zoonotic pathogen,HEV can cause acute viral hepatitis in humans and infection in animals.Its main transmission route is fecal-oral transmission,which can also be transmitted through blood transfusion and mother-to-child transmission.HEV is mainly prevalent in developing countries,while sporadic cases are also found in developed countries such as Europe and the United States.At present,the common methods for detecting HEV are fluorescent quantitative Real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Some scholars also use new detection methods such as reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification(RT-RPA)and CRISPR system to detect HEV.In terms of drug treatment,compounds such as ribavirin,interferon or polyene phosphatidylcholine(PPC)can be used to treat infections caused by HEV,and single or compound Chinese medicines can be used to improve clinical symptoms and be used as synergistic treatment.Vaccination is considered to be an effective means to prevent and control HEV infection,but there is still no effective HEV in vitro cell culture system,and traditional inactivated and attenuated vaccines cannot be produced in batches.The current research on HEV vaccines mainly includes the development of recombinant protein vaccines,DNA vaccines,combined vaccines and oral vaccines.Vaccination is an important measure to prevent hepatitis E,and comprehensive preventive measures based on cutting off the transmission route can also control the prevalence of the disease.This paper mainly summarized the research progress of HEV detection methods,drug treatment and vaccine immunity,and looked forward to the prevention and control of HEV,in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and control of HEV.
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)detection methodtreatmentvaccine
万方数据
维普
