寄生虫病是一种在全球范围内广泛流行的传染性疾病，对人类和家畜的健康造成了严重威胁。寄生虫入侵宿主后，会激活机体免疫系统。宿主通过先天免疫反应和获得性免疫反应来对抗寄生虫感染，并通过多种调节机制来保护自身，以防止过度的免疫反应。调节性B细胞(regulatory B cells，Bregs)是一类在寄生虫感染过程中具有免疫抑制功能的B细胞亚群。其在自身免疫性疾病、癌症和过敏反应中研究较为广泛。目前，越来越多的研究表明，寄生虫感染可诱导Bregs的产生，并且Bregs可以通过分泌抑炎细胞因子白细胞介素10(interleukin-10，IL-10)抑制炎症反应，从而减轻寄生虫感染对宿主的伤害。然而，关于Bregs增殖的信号通路以及激活机制目前还不清楚，仍需要进一步的探究。作者简要介绍了不同类型的Bregs及其表型，并对Bregs在疟原虫(Plasmodium)、血吸虫(Schistosoma)、利什曼原虫(Leishmania)、弓形虫(Toxoplasma)和锥虫(Trypanosoma)感染过程中发挥的免疫调节作用进行总结，以期为寄生虫的治疗和预防策略提供新的见解。
Research Progress on Regulation of Parasitic Infections by Regulatory B Cells
Parasitic diseases are infectious diseases that are widespread throughout the world and pose a serious threat to human and animal health.Parasites activate the body's immune system when they invade the host.The host fights the parasitic infection through innate and acquired immune responses and protects itself from an excessive immune response through a variety of regulatory mechanisms.Regulatory B cells(Bregs)are a subset of B cells with immunosuppressive functions during parasitic infections.They have been more extensively studied in autoimmune diseases,cancer and allergic reactions.Currently,an increasing number of studies have shown that parasitic infections can induce the production of Bregs,and that Bregs can inhibit the inflammatory response by secreting the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10),thus reducing the damage of parasitic infections to the host.However,the signaling pathways and activation mechanisms of Breg proliferation are still unclear and require further investigation.In this review,the author briefly described the different types of Bregs and their phenotypes,and summarized the immunomodulatory roles of Bregs during Plasmodium,Schistosoma,Leishmania,Toxoplasma and Trypanosoma infections,with the aim of providing new insights into parasite treatment and prevention strategies.
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