Characteristics of Fecal Microbiota in Calves with Diarrhea Associated with Bovine Norovirus Infection
[Objective]In order to determine the characteristics of fecal microbiota of diarrheal calves infected with Bovine norovirus(BNoV),this study was conducted to compare the diversity and species composition of fecal microbiota between healthy calves and diarrheal calves with BNoV infection.[Method]Firstly,PCR and RT-PCR were conducted to detect diarrhea-associated pathogens in the feces of healthy and diarrheal calves.Then 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology was performed to compare the diversity,composition and function of microbiota in the feces of healthy calves with negative pathogen detection(group H)and those of diarrheal calves with positive BNoV detection only(group BNoV).[Result]Compared with group H,the OTUs and Chaol index of fecal microbiota were significantly increased(P＜0.05),the Shannon and Simpson indexes were decreased extremely significantly(P＜0.01)in group BNoV.Compared with group H,the abundance of Proteobacteria,Escherich-Shigella and Butyricococcus was extremely significantly increased(P＜0.01)in group BNoV.The abundance of Actinomycetes,Collinsella,Megasphaera,Olsenella,Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium was extremely significantly or significantly reduced(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05)in BNoV group.Bifidobacterium,Collinsella,Megasphaera,Olsenella and Faecalibacterium were significantly enriched in group H,while Butyricococcus,Escherichia-Shigella,Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium were significantly enriched in group BNoV.Compared with group H,cellular processes and signaling,lipid metabolism,metabolism,xenolism biodegradation and metabolism,metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides of fecal microbiota were significantly or extremely significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)in group BNoV,while membrane transport,replication and repair,translation,nucleotide metabolism,genetic information processing were significantly or extremely significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).[Conclusion]The richness,diversity,species composition and function of fecal microbiota in calves with diarrhea associated with BNoV infection were significantly different from those of healthy calves,suggesting that the intestinal microbiota of BNoV infected calves was disturbed.
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