Paternal Genetic Molecular Assessment of Four Yak Populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai
[Objective]The objective was to explore the paternal origin,population genetic structure,genetic diversity and differentiation of yaks in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai.[Method]The paternal genetic analysis of 144 yaks from 4 populations of Maduo,Jiuzhi,Gande and Banma was carried out through genomic DNA extraction,PCR amplification and sequencing.It mainly included 5 Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism(Y-SNPs)markers(SRY4,USP9Y,UTY19,AMELY3 and OFD1Y10)and 1 Y chromosome microsatellite(Y-STR)marker(INRA189).Haplotype diversity(Hd)and fixed differentiation index(Fst)were analyzed to evaluate the paternal genetic diversity and population genetic differentiation degree of yak populations.The UPGMA tree map and Network mediator map were constructed by Mega 5.05 and Network 10.1,respectively,to explore the paternal genetic relationship and population structure of yak populations.[Result]A total of 7 Y chromosome haplotypes were identified from 4 yak populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai.6,4,4 and 4 haplotypes of Maduo,Jiuzhi,Gande and Banma yaks were identified respectively.2 specific haplotypes(H2Y1 and H3Y1)and 1 specific haplotype(H7Y1)were detected in Maduo and Banma yaks,respectively.Genetic diversity analysis showed that the paternal genetic diversity of the 4 yak populations was relatively rich(Hd=0.506),among which the haplotype diversity of Madao yak was the highest(Hd=0.632),and that of Gande yak was the lowest(Hd=0.324).The results of genetic differentiation showed that the genetic differentiation between Banma and Gande,and Madao yak populations was moderate(0.05＜Fst＜0.15),and the differentiation degree among other yak populations was weak((＜Fst＜0.05).Cluster analysis showed that the 4 yak populations were obviously grouped into 2 groups,among which Jiuzhi and Maduo yak populations were first grouped together,and then grouped together with Gande yak populations,while Banma yak population was grouped separately.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Banma yak was composed of 1 paternal lineage(Y1),while the other 3 yak populations were composed of 2 paternal lineages(Y1 and Y2).[Conclusion]This study preliminarily revealed the paternal genetic diversity,degree of differentiation,and genetic structure of 4 yak populations in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai,using Y chromosome molecular markers,which indicated that the 4 yak populations possessed relatively rich paternal genetic diversity and had 2 paternal origins.The results provided a theoretical basis for the preservation,breeding,development and utilization of local yak genetic resources.
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