Research Progress on Biofilm Formation and Its Drug Resistance Mechanism of Streptococcus suis
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a significant threat to both pigs and humans.Streptococcus suis has the ability to form biofilms in its natural state,which is one of the main factors contributing to its drug resistance.It is currently known that Streptococcus suis forms biofilm in the three stages of adhesion,aggregation and dispersion of infection,and its virulence factors(capsular poly saccharide,muramidase-released protein and suilysin)play a major role,and the whole formation process is regulated by the signal transduction system of bacterial cells.The quorum-sensing(QS)system is an important intracellular signaling transduction system in bacteria,which significantly regulates the formation of bacterial biofilms.It enhances bacterial drug resistance by regulating gene transfer,replication,biofilm formation,and plays an important role in increasing bacterial density.The formation of biofilms enhances the drug resistance of Streptococcus suis,and its drug resistance mechanism mainly involves the regulation of QS system,the formation of extracellular polymeric substances,extracellular DNA action,the role of efflux pumps,the structure of the biofilm and the horizontal gene transfer.Understanding the formation and regulation of Streptococcus suis biofilms and the mechanisms of drug resistance caused by biofilms is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of Streptococcus suis.Chemical disinfectants,high temperatures,ultraviolet light,and ozone can destroy the biofilms of Streptococcus suis and kill the bacteria.The use of antibiotics or antimicrobials and other chemical synthetic drugs can inhibit the formation of biofilm or destroy biofilm,so as to achieve the role of killing bacteria and achieve the purpose of treating Streptococcus suis infection.In addition,some traditional Chinese medicines have an inhibitory and destructive effect on the biofilms of Streptococcus suis,and their active ingredients have anti-drug-resistant properties,showing promising prospects for development.The author summarizes the research progress on the formation and regulation of Streptococcus suis biofilms and the mechanisms of drug resistance,and summarizes the current prevention and treatment strategies,in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and control of Streptococcus suis.
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