Research Progress on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine
In recent years,with the rapid development of pig industry in China,porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)has become an important infectious disease in pigs.PED is an acute viral infectious disease caused by Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),characterized by diarrhea and dehydration.PED is mainly transmitted through the respiratory and digestive tracts,and lactating piglets are most susceptible to it,and the mortality rate can be as high as 100％,which has caused great economic losses to the pig industry.PEDV is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus,it has 4 major structural proteins,16 non-structural proteins,and 1 auxiliary protein ORF3.Since 2010,the spread of the mutated strain of the virus has been expanding and the epidemiological trends have become increasingly complex,the classical strain(CV777)-related vaccines have been unable to provide effective protection.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a safer and more effective vaccine.Inactivated vaccines are safe,but require multiple vaccinations and are not as protective.Attenuated vaccine have good immunogenicity,but there is a risk of virulence regression.Subunit vaccines do not carry other protein structures of the virus and are safe and inexpensive to use,but they are poorly immunogenic.Live virus vector vaccines induce specific immune responses but have an inadequate safety profile.Live bacterial vector vaccines are able to stimulate mucosal immunity in the body by oral administration and the vectors are adjuvant,but their immunization efficiency is not high.Transgenic plant vaccines are safe and stable,but have low expression and long development cycles.Nucleic acid vaccine has a short development cycle and high flexibility,but the safety is not high,and the foreign gene is easy to recombine with the host gene.With the deepening of related research,various types of vaccine research have achieved important research results.This article provided an overview of PED inactivated vaccines,attenuated vaccine,subunit vaccine,live virus vector vaccine,live bacterial vector vaccine,transgenic plant vaccine,and nucleic acid vaccine,in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of PED and the development of new vaccines.
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