Alleviation of Lycopene on Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Bisphenol A in Mice
[Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the alleviation effect of lycopene on reproductive toxicity induced by bisphenol A(BPA)in mice.[Method]30 pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 mice in each group.Mice in control group were gavaged with normal saline from days 1 to 7 of gestation and received conventional feeds.Mice in BPA treatment group were gavaged with normal saline on days 1 to 7 of gestation,and 500 mg/kg BPA on days 8 to 14 of gestation.Mice in lycopene treatment group were gavaged with 20 mg/kg lycopene on days 1 to 7 of gestation,and 500 mg/kg BPA on days 8 to 14 of gestation,with natural birth allowed.The survival number of F1 generation mice was observed and recorded.F1 generation mice were normally fed to 8 weeks and dissected.Testis and ovary were collected,and the structural changes of testicular and ovarian tissues were observed by HE staining.Testosterone(T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2)and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels of serum in F1 generation mice were detected by ELISA.The expression of B lymphoblastoma-2(Bcl-2)and B lymphoblastoma-2-associated X protein(Bax)in testis and ovaries of F1 generation mice were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques.[Result]After BPA treatment,the survival rate of F1 generation mice was 62.50％,which was significantly lower than that of control group(83.65％)and lycopene treatment group(81.25％).Compared with control group,the levels of reproductive hormones T,FSH and LH in F1 generation mice in BPA treatment group were significantly decreased(P＜50.05),and E2 level was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The arrangement of cells in seminiferous tubule of mouse testis was loose and disordered,the number of interstitial cells was reduced,the lumen was enlarged and the tube wall was thin.The granulosa cells in ovarian were overapoptosis and the cell arrangement was loose.Compared with BPA treatment group,T,FSH and LH levels in F1 generation mice in lycopene treatment group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while E2 level was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The structure of mouse testis was complete,and spermatogenic cells at all levels of spermatogenic tubule were arranged closely and neatly.Follicles at different developmental stages were observed in ovary,the granulosa cells were arranged neatly,and a few granulosa cells were regulated and died.The results of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were expressed in testicular stromal cells and ovarian granulosa cells.Compared with control group,the expression of Bax protein in ovary of F1 generation mice in BPA treatment group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in testes and ovaries was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with BPA treatment group,the expression of Bax protein in ovaries of F1 generation mice in lycopene treatment group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in testes and ovaries was significantly increased(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]Lycopene could alleviate the disturbance of reproductive hormone level caused by BPA,improve the structure of testis and ovary,balance apoptosis and anti-apoptosis levels,and thus antagonize the reproductive damage of mice caused by BPA.The results provided experimental basis for the clinical application of lycopene.
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