Advances on Paracellular Permeability Based on Intestinal Tight Junctions
As an important component of the intestinal barrier,the intestinal epithelial cell tight junction not only determines the paracellular permeability of the intestinal tract,but also plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment and preventing the invasion of harmful substances.When the structure or function of the tight junctions is damaged,the integrity of the intestinal barrier is disrupted,resulting in a significant increase in paracellular permeability,bacteria,endotoxins,viruses and macromolecules can enter tissues and organs through the paracellular pathway,leading to the occurrence of intestinal diseases.However,different molecules have different ways to pass through the intestinal tight junctions,and there are two primary paracellular pathways,the pore pathway and the leak pathway.These two pathways are different in terms of molecular size,permeability and regulatory mechanisms.The pore pathway mainly involves the passage of small molecules,and regulating the expression of tight junction protein Claudin-2 affects the permeability of the pore pathway,which in turn affects the function of the intestinal barrier.Whereas the leak pathway mainly involves the passage of large molecules,and tight junction proteins,such as Occludin,Tricellulin and ZO-1,play a key role in this pathway.Occludin,Tricellulin,ZO-1 and other tight junction proteins play a key role in this pathway to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.Taking the relevant proteins affecting the permeability of the pore pathway and the leak pathway as the starting point,the author elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of these proteins affecting the permeability of the pore pathway and the leak pathway,thus preventing the entry of toxic and harmful substances into the body,with a view to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases caused by the disruption of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier.
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