奶牛乳腺炎、酮病和脂肪肝都是奶牛的常见疾病，不仅严重危害了奶牛健康，还给奶牛业带来了巨大的经济损失。自噬是发生在真核生命中高度保守性的生命过程，能清除细胞内有害物质，保证内环境稳态，对生物体健康的维系具有重要意义。自噬激活的途径多种多样，既包括腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase，AMPK)和雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin，mTOR)等信号通路介导的溶酶体自噬，还包括由PTEN诱导的激酶1(PTEN-induced kinase 1，PINK1)/Parkin RBR E3泛素蛋白连接酶(Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase，PARK2)途径介导的线粒体自噬，此外，自噬的激活还与多种营养物质的调控有关，如植物提取物、氨基酸和维生素等。笔者阐述了自噬在奶牛乳腺炎、酮病和脂肪肝等常见疾病中通过线粒体或溶酶体途径发生反应并缓解上述疾病所造成负面影响的发生机制及研究进展，以期为奶牛生产中常见疾病的临床干预提供科学依据。
Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Autophagy in Mastitis,Ketosis and Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows
Mastitis,ketosis and fatty liver are common diseases in dairy cows that not only severely harm their health but also cause significant economic losses to the dairy industry.Autophagy,a highly conserved process in eukaryotic life,helps clear harmful substances within cells,ensuring homeostasis and playing a crucial role in maintaining organismal health.There are various pathways for activating autophagy,including lysosomal autophagy mediated by AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways,as well as mitophagy mediated by the PINK1/PARK2 pathway.Additionally,autophagy activation is influenced by various nutrients,such as plant extracts,amino acids and vitamins.The authors discussed the mechanisms of autophagy in common diseases such as mastitis,ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows,and reviewed recent research developments,aiming to provide a scientific basis for clinical interventions in common dairy cow diseases.
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