Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)are a type of stem cells generated by introducing exogenous transcription factors into somatic cells,thereby activating the endogenous pluripotency network.iPSCs exhibit high similarity to embryonic stem cells(ESCs)in terms of morphology,functionality,and molecular expression,demonstrating extensive self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.Compared with ESCs,iPSCs offer advantages such as relative ease of acquisition,lower risk of immune rejection,and fewer ethical concerns,providing new approaches for disease modeling,drug screening,regenerative medicine,and other fields.Therefore,iPSCs hold significant research value and broad market potential.In alignment with the"One Health"initiative,the emergence of canine induced pluripotent stem cells(ciPSCs)not only opens up novel stem cell-based therapies for canine clinical diseases but also promotes advancements in human regenerative medicine,given that dogs serve as one of the best translational models for human diseases.However,it is noteworthy that ciPSCs still lack standardized and highly efficient production protocols,and issues such as incomplete transgene silencing or reactivation are prevalent.Factors such as safety,cost,and feasibility continue to limit the widespread clinical application of ciPSCs.This review summarizes the reprogramming strategies for ciPSCs,discusses the challenges and possibilities in their generation,and explores the promising applications of ciPSCs in veterinary medicine,aiming to provide insights for further refining the establishment of ciPSCs.
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