Distribution and seasonal fluctuation of visceral leishmaniasis vectors sand-flie in Lüliang City of Shanxi Province in 2023
Objective To investigate the distribution and seasonal fluctuations of visceral leishmaniasis vectors sandflies in Lüliang City,Shanxi Province,so as to provide insights into assessment of the visceral leishmaniasis transmission risk and formu-lation of visceral leishmaniasis control measures.Methods A total of 12 natural villages were sampled from Shilou County,Li-shi District,Lanxian County,Linxian County and Wenshui County in Lüliang City,Shanxi Province from June to September,2023,and sandflies were captured using light traps from 7 breeding habitats,including farmers'houses,sheep pens,cattle pens,chicken coops,pig pens,mule and horse pens,and loess-cave dwellings.Following morphological identification of the sandfly species,the distribution of sandflies and the seasonal fluctuations of the sandfly density were analyzed.In addition,the Leishma-nia was detected in sandflies using a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay.Results A total of 2 831 sandflies were captured with 156 light traps in Lüliang City from June to September,2023,including 2 638 female sandflies(93.18%)and 193 male sandflies(6.82%),and the average density was 16.91 sandflies/(light-night).The seasonal fluctuations of the sandfly density all appeared a unimodal distribution in all survey sites,and the sandfly density peaked in July and then declined rapidly.Among all types of breeding habitats,the greatest sandfly density was found in sheep pens[39.04 sandflies/(light-night)].In addition,4.08%(2/49)of the sandfly samples were tested positive for Leishmania nucleic acid as revealed by the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay.Conclusions Sandflies were widely distributed in Lüliang City,Shanxi Province in 2023,and the peak of the sandfly density was observed in July,which had a visceral leishmaniasis transmission risk.Intensified surveillance of vis-ceral leishmaniasis and sandfly vectors is required and targeted vector control is recommended.
Visceral leishmaniasisSandflyPopulation densitySeasonal fluctuationBreeding habitatLüliang City
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