Epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of imported Plasmodium ma-lariae and Plasmodium ovale malaria cases in five provinces of China from 2014 to 2021
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of imported Plasmodium malariae and P.ovale malaria cases in Anhui Province,Hubei Province,Zhejiang Province,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan Province from 2014 to 2021,so as to provide insights into malaria control in these five provinces.Methods All data pertaining to malaria cases reported in five provinces of China were captured from Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information Sys-tem from 2014 to 2021,and the epidemiological characteristics of imported P.malariae and P.ovale malaria cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.The duration from onset of malaria to initial diagnosis,duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis,institutions of initial and definitive diagnoses,and proportion of correct malaria diagnosis at initial diagno-sis were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 1 223 imported P.malariae and P.ovale malaria cases were reported in Anhui Province,Hubei Province,Zhejiang Province,Henan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2021,there were 158 P.malariae malaria cases(12.92%)and 1 065 P.ovale malaria cases(87.08%).Totally 98.53%(1 205/1 223)of the imported malaria cases were from Africa,with Angola(18.99%,30/158),Nigeria(11.39%,18/158),Cameroon(10.76%,17/158),Ghana(10.13%,16/158)and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(10.13%,16/158)as predominant countries where P.malariaemalaria cases were from,and Ghana(23.19%,247/1065),Cameroon(14.74%,157/1065),Nigeria(9.39%,100/1065)and Angola(6.95%,74/1 065)as predominant countries where P.ovale malaria cases were from.There were significant differenc-es in the duration from onset of malaria to initial diagnosis(χ2=27.673,P=0.000)and duration from initial diagnosis to defini-tive diagnosis of P.malariae and P.ovale malaria cases(χ2=29.808,P=0.000),and the proportions of correct initial diagnosis of P.malariae and P.ovale malaria cases were 38.61%(61/158)and 56.53%(602/1 065).There were 74.69%(118/158)of P.malariaemalaria cases with definitive diagnosis in county-,city-,and province-level medical institutions,and 79.25%(844/1065)of P.ovale malaria cases with definitive diagnosis in county-and city-level medical institutions and county-level centers for dis-ease control and prevention.Conclusions The imported P.malariae and P.ovale malaria cases in Anhui Province,Hubei Prov-ince,Zhejiang Province,Henan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2021 were mainly returned from Africa and the proportion of correct diagnosis of P.malariae and P.ovale malaria was low at initial diagnosis.Persistent improve-ments in the diagnostic capability of malaria are required in medical institutions.
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