The moderating role of estradiol in the relationship between parenting styles and preschool children's behavioral prob-lems
Objective To explore the moderating role of estradiol in the relationship between parenting styles and preschool chil-dren's behavioral problems,so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the development of human's emotional health develop-ment in early life stage.Methods During September to November in 2022,354 children aged 3-6 years and their parents from two kindergartens in Bengbu City were chosen by using stratified cluster sampling method for the questionnaire survey.The Parenting Style Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to collect information on parenting style and child behavioral prob-lems.Salivary estradiol of children was collected and tested.Independent samples t test was applied to compare the scores of the scale for parental up-bringing and children's behavioral problems,and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the re-lationship among parental up-bringing,estradiol and children's behavioral problems.Results Parents'doting,laissez faire,auto-cratic,and inconsistent parenting styles were positive associated with child behavior problems(r=0.14-0.70);fathers'democratic parenting style was negatively associated with child behavior problems(r=-0.14,-0.22,-0.21,-0.17,-0.27,-0.20);mothers'democratic parenting styles was negatively correlated with scores on all five dimensions of child behavior problems except the with-drawal dimension(r=-0.14,-0.12,-0.13,-0.21,-0.12)(P＜0.05).Estradiol levels had significant moderating effects on maternal doting parenting style and children's withdrawal(β=0.68)as well as social problems(β=-1.00),also moderating laissez-faire par-enting styles and children's withdrawal problems(β=0.75)(P＜0.05).For children with low levels of estradiol,withdrawal problem scores were negatively associated with mother's doting parenting style and positively associated with laissez faire parenting style,and socialization problem scores were associated with mother's doting parenting style;for children with high levels of estradiol,with-drawal problem scores were positively associated with mother's doting parenting style,and socialization problem scores were associ-ated with mother's doting parenting style(t=2.84,6.24,3.16,2.37,4.49,P＜0.05).Conclusions Parenting styles are strongly associated with child behavioral problems;estradiol levels play a moderating role in mothers'doting,laissez faire parenting styles and children's withdrawal problems and social problems.Parents should adopt more positive parenting styles and focus on the role of estradiol levels in maternal education to reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems in children.
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