目的 探讨"双减"背景下1学年课后延时体育服务(简称"课后体育服务")对小学生体质健康的影响，为明确课后体育服务所产生的体质健康促进作用提供依据。方法 于2021年9月—2022年7月，选取长沙市某小学四年级学生作为研究对象，分为对照组和课后延时体育服务组(简称"课后体育组")(均为220名)。对照组仅参加学校体育课;课后体育组在学校体育课基础上增加为期1学年的课后体育服务，每周4次，40～50 min/次，共32周。分别在2021年9-10月和2022年6-7月测量小学生身高、体重、体脂百分率等身体形态指标以及50 m跑、握力、渐进式有氧耐力跑(PACER)等身体素质指标，采用独立样本t检验、x2检验和双因素重复测量方差分析进行统计分析。结果 1学年后，课后体育组小学生肌肉量[(13。76±2。32)kg]相较于对照组[(13。52±2。30)kg]升高，腰臀比[(0。95±0。16)]、体脂百分率[(20。17± 7。43)％]指标水平较对照组[(1。01±0。21)，(22。02±12。34)％]均下降(F值分别为 330。70，6。85，4。33，P值均＜0。05)。课后体育组小学生超重肥胖率由19。5％下降至12。3％(x2=4。35，P＜0。05)。课后体育组较对照组小学生50 m跑[(10。00±1。06，10。21±0。83)s]、1 min 仰卧起坐[(33。25±8。24，30。76±9。34)次]、坐位体前屈[(14。53±7。50，8。59±6。32)cm]、1 min 跳绳[(125。01±30。50，115。97±32。09)次]、闭眼单脚站立[(30。00±34。72，25。72±23。82)s]、选择反应时[(635。66±91。72，652。79± 120。42)ms]和最大摄氧量[(45。31±1。02，43。67±0。85)mL/(kg·min)]测试成绩均有提升，差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为5。32，443。14，97。23，814。07，36。49，6。11，396。91，P值均＜0。05)。结论 课后体育服务有助于改善小学生的身体形态、降低超重肥胖率，提升小学生身体素质。学校可根据学生需求适当增加课后体育服务，从而促进学生的体质健康。
Effects of after-school exercise service on physical fitness in primary school students
Objective To investigate the effects of after-school exercise service(referred to as the"after-school ES")on physi-cal health,so as to provide evidence for possible beneficial effect of after-school ES.Methods Students in the fourth grade of pri-mary school were recruited from September 2021 to July 2022 in Changsha City and divided into the control group(n=220)and the after-school ES group(n=220).The control group only participated in the regular physical education activities of the school.The after-school ES group received after-school ES for one academic year,4 times a week,40-50 minutes per time,for a total of 32 weeks.Body shape indicators such as height,weight and percentage of body fat,as well as physical fitness indicators such as 50-meter running,grip strength and progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run(PACER)were measured in September to Oc-tober 2021 and June to July 2022,respectively.Independent sample t-test,Chi-square test and two-factors repeated measurement a-nalysis of variance were used for statistical analysis of the data.Results After one academic year,compared with the control group[(13.52±2.30)kg],muscle mass of primary school students in the after-school ES group[(13.76±2.32)kg]significantly in-creased,while waist-to-hip ratio[(0.95±0.16)]and percentage of body fat[(20.17±7.43)％]significantly decreased compared to the control group[(1.01±0.21),(22.02±12.34)％](F=330.70,6.85,4.33,P＜0.05).The proportion of overweight and obesity in after-school ES group decreased significantly from 19.5％to 12.3％(x2=4.35,P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the scores of 50-meter running[(10.00±1.06,10.21±0.83)s],1-minute sit-up[(33.25±8.24,30.76±9.34)times],sitting and flexion[(14.53±7.50,8.59±6.32)cm],1-minute rope skipping[(125.01±30.50,115.97±32.09)times],eyes closed and single legged standing[(30.00±34.72,25.72±23.82)s],selective response time[(635.66±91.72,652.79±120.42)ms]and VO2max[(45.31± 1.02,43.67±0.85)mL/(kg·min)]in the after-school ES group were significantly improved,with statistical significance(F=5.32,443.14,97.23,814.07,36.49,6.11,396.91,P＜0.05).Conclusions After-school ES can improve body shape of primary school students,reduce the risk of overweight and obesity and enhance physical fitness.It is recommended that schools should ap-propriately increase after-school ES to promote physical fitness of students.
Physical education and trainingPhysical fitnessGrowth and developmentPhysical shapeStudents
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