Objective To explore the neural processing differences in inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility associated with motor development levels in preschool children,so as to provide a basis for motor learning and cognitive development in preschool children.Methods From March 20 to 31 in 2023,a total of 84 preschool children aged 4-6 were recruited from two kindergartens in Xi'an City.The MOBAK-KG Motor Development Assessment Scale was used to assess the children's motor development levels.The Go/no-go task paradigm was employed to test inhibitory control ability,and the Dimensional Change Card Sort(DCCS)task paradigm was utilized to evaluate cognitive flexibility.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)was used to monitor the pre-school children's prefrontal cortex oxygenation dynamics during inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility tasks.Malab software and Homer 2 plugins were used to calculate prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of preschool children during the tasks.Re-sults The high motor skills group exhibited significantly higher task accuracy during inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility tasks[0.95(0.92,0.97),(0.54±0.12)]compared to the low motor skill group[0.93(0.85,0.97),(0.45±0.13)](Z/t=-2.09,3.14,P＜0.05).During the inhibitory control task,the high motor skill group[0.24(0.10,0.41),0.34(0.16,0.62),0.30(0.07,0.52),0.26(0.09,0.53),0.15(0.01,0.43),0.34(0.10,0.67)mol/L]showed significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concen-trations in the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices(L-DLPFC,R-DLPFC),left and right pars triangular Broca's areas(L-PTBA,R-PTBA),and left and right frontopolar areas(L-FPA,R-FPA)compared to the low motor skill group[0.04(-0.13,0.15),0.00(-0.12,0.11),-0.01(-0.17,0.14),0.04(-0.14,0.16),-0.01(-0.16,0.12),-0.03(-0.21,0.15)mol/L](Z=-4.83,-5.57,-4.77,-4.10,-3.45,-5.74,P＜0.01).During the cognitive flexibility task,the high motor skill group[0.21(0.03,0.36),0.28(0.15,0.45),0.15(0.05,0.30),0.20(0.05,0.37),0.04(-0.17,0.26),0.14(-0.08,0.40)mol/L]exhibited significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the L-DLPFC,R-DLPFC,L-PTBA,R-PTBA,L-FPA,R-FPA brain regions compared to the low motor skill group[0.02(-0.20,0.23),0.02(-0.12,0.21),0.00(-0.22,0.16),0.00(-0.16,0.15),-0.05(-0.25,0.06),0.01(-0.23,0.20)mol/L](Z=-3.63,-4.45,-3.58,-3.75,-2.18,-1.98,P＜0.05).Conclusions The motor development level in preschool children is closely related to inhibitory control and cog-nitive flexibility.It is crucial to emphasize motor learning in early childhood to further promote holistic development of both mind and body.
Motor developmentExecutive functionGrowth and developmentChild,preschool
NETL
NSTL
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