Longitudinal associations between organophosphate esters exposure and blood pressure among school-aged children in Bei-jing
Objective To explore the longitudinal association between organophosphate esters(OPEs)exposure and blood pres-sure in children,so as to provide a reference for identifying the effects of OPEs exposure on child health.Methods A total of 404 children from the Beijing Child Growth and Health Cohort(PROC)were enrolled using a case cohort study design,baseline physi-cal examination,urine collection,questionnaires survey were administered in 2018 and follow-up surveys in 2019-2020 and 2023.Participants were divided into case group(n=140)and control group(n=264)according to the observation of new onset of high blood pressure during the follow-up period.High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect diethyl phosphate(DEP),bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(BCEP),bis(l-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate,(BCIPP),diphenyl phos-phate(DP HP),dibutyl phosphate(DnBP),bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(BDCIPP),bis(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate(BBOEP),bis(2-butoxyethyl)2-hydroxyethyl phosphate(BBOEHEP),4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate(4-OH-TPHP).Generalized linear mixed models and Quantile g-computation models were developed to analyze the longitudinal associations between OPEs individual/mixed exposure and blood pressure in children.Results The detection range of 9 OPEs metabolites,including DEP,BCEP,BCIPP,DPHP,DnBP,BDCIPP,BBOEP,BBOEHEP and 4-OH-TPHP at three time points(baseline,first fol-low-up and second follow-up)were 27.7％-92.1％,24.0％-99.3％and 39.2％-90.9％respectively.Without adjustment for covari-ates such as gender,age,body mass index,Tanner stage,parental education,and monthly household income,and family history of hypertension,the increase of BDCIPP concentration and mixed exposure of OPEs may reduce children's systolic blood pressure(β=-0.85,-2.40,95％CI=-1.69--0.01,-3.30--1.50,P＜0.05).After adjusting for the covariates,the longitudinal association of individual OPEs or mixed exposure with pediatric BP was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Children are com-monly exposed to OPEs,and although no significant longitudinal associations are observed between exposure to OPEs and blood pressure among school-aged children in Beijing,it is recommended that child exposure should be minimized whenever possible.
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