首页|广东省中小学生筛查性近视现状及相关因素分析

广东省中小学生筛查性近视现状及相关因素分析

Prevalence and associated factors of screening positive myopia among elementary and middle school students in Guang-dong

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目的 了解广东省四至九年级中小学生近视现状及相关因素,为儿童青少年近视干预采取针对性措施提供科学依据.方法 于2022年9-10月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取广东省广州、江门和梅州3市29 095名四至九年级中小学生作为研究对象,在非睫状肌麻痹状态下使用台式自动电脑验光仪检测屈光度,开展近视筛查和问卷调查.组间比较采用x2检验和x2趋势检验,近视相关因素的分析采用多因素Logistic逐步回归分析.结果 中小学生筛查性近视检出率为61.7％,其中四至六年级小学生和七至九年级初中生筛查性近视检出率分别为51.5％,71.9％.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,小学组中,女生(OR=1.39,95％CI=1.30～1.49)、父母一方近视(OR=1.82,95％CI=1.69～1.96)、父母双方近视(OR=2.86,95％CI=2.56～3.18)、每天室内静坐时间＞6 h(OR=1.28,95％CI=1.17～1.39)的学生筛查性近视发生风险较高,县区(OR=0.92,95％CI=0.86～0.99)、课间休息活动场所在户外(OR=0.88,95％CI=0.81～0.95)的学生筛查性近视发生风险较低;初中生中,女生(OR=1.84,95％CI=1.69～1.99)、父母一方近视(OR=1.87,95％CI=1.71～2.04)、父母双方近视(OR=3.03,95％CI=2.63～3.50)、每天室内静坐时间＞6 h(OR=1.11,95％CI=1.01～1.23)的学生筛查性近视发生风险较高,县区(OR=0.74,95％CI=0.68～0.80)、课间休息活动场所在户外(OR=0.83,95％CI=0.76～0.91)、每天户外活动时间≥2 h(OR=0.87,95％CI=0.80～0.95)的学生筛查性近视发生风险较低(P值均＜0.05).结论 广东省中小学生筛查性近视检出率较高,课间休息活动场所、户外活动时间以及室内静坐时间与近视检出率存在关联.应采取针对性的干预措施,适当增加户外活动时间,降低中小学生近视的发生.
Objective The study aims to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among 4 to 9 grade students in Guangdong Province in 2022,so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures for myopia in children and adoles-cents.Methods From September to October 2022,stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 29 095 of 4 to 9 grade students from Guangzhou,Jiangmen,and Meizhou in Guangdong Province for myopia screening and questionnaire surveys.The Chi-square test was applied to compare the differences between groups,and multivariable Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with myopia.Results The myopia detection rate of 4 to 9 grade students was 61.7％,with detection rates of 51.5％for 4 to 6 grade primary school students and 71.95％for 7 to 9 grade junior high school students.Multivariable Logis-tic regression analysis showed that higher myopia rates were detected among girls(OR=1.39,95％CI=1.30-1.49),students with one(OR=1.82,95％CI=1.69-1.96)or both parents having myopia(OR=2.86,95％CI=2.56-3.18),and indoor sedentary time＞6 h(OR=1.28,95％CI=1.17-1.39)in the 4 to 6 grade.Lower myopia rates were detected in the county(OR=0.92,95％CI=0.86-0.99)and outdoors at recess activities(OR=0.88,95％CI=0.81-0.95).Meanwhile,higher myopia rates were detected among girls(OR=1.84,95％CI=1.69-1.99),students with one(OR=1.87,95％CI=1.71-2.04)or both parents having myopia(OR=3.03,95％CI=2.63-3.50),and indoor sedentary time＞6 h/d(OR=1.11,95％CI=1.01-1.23)in the 7 to 9 grade.Lower myopia rates were detected in the county(OR=0.74,95％CI=0.68-0.80),outdoors at recess activities(OR=0.83,95％CI=0.76-0.91),and outdoor activity time ≥2 h/d(OR=0.87,95％CI=0.80-0.95)(P＜0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of myopia among 4 to 9 grade students in Guangdong Province is relatively high.Place of recess activities,daily outdoor activity and indoor sedentary duration are associated with myopia.Therefore,targeted intervention measures should be adopted,such as appro-priately increasing outdoor activity to reduce the occurrence of myopia among primary and middle school students.

MyopiaPrevalenceRegression analysisStudents

许婵、李梦、沈少君、陈秋霞、余慧娟、杨文翰、曲亚斌

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广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所,广州 511430

广东药科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生学系

近视 患病率 回归分析 学生

广州市科技计划广东省医学科学技术研究项目广东省医学科学技术研究项目

202002030405B2019082C2019049

2024

10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024132

中国学校卫生
中华预防医学会

中国学校卫生

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.423
ISSN：1000-9817
年,卷(期)：2024.45(5)