目的 使用成分数据分析法探究孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童24 h活动与基本动作技能(FMS)的相关性，以及各活动等时替代后FMS的预期变化，为提高ASD儿童FMS水平提供参考依据。方法 2023年10月至2024年4月，采用整群随机抽样方法，抽取济南市7所特殊教育学校301名6～10岁ASD儿童，使用加速度计和粗大肌肉动作发展测试调查其24 h活动和FMS水平，使用R软件对成分数据进行描述性统计、多元线性回归和等时替代效益分析。结果 ASD儿童中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间占比与FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分均呈正相关(β值分别为12。42，6。32，6。10，P值均＜0。01)。将15 min MVPA替代睡眠(SLP)，ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3。66，1。91，1。75分;将15 min MVPA替代久坐行为(SB)，ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3。72，1。88，1。83分;将15 min MVPA替代低强度体力活动(LPA)，ASD儿童的FMS总分、移动技能和物体控制技能得分分别增加3。32，1。57，1。74分(P值均＜0。05)。此外，将15 min LPA替代SB，ASD儿童的移动技能得分增加0。28分(P＜0。05)。"剂量-效应"分析显示，MVPA替代SLP、SB、LPA均可提升ASD儿童的FMS水平，且MVPA与SLP、SB、LPA的相互替代效应具有不对称性;LPA替代SB可提升ASD儿童的移动技能水平。结论 24 h活动中，MVPA、LPA时间对ASD儿童基本动作技能增加有积极作用。学校和家庭应优化ASD儿童24 h活动时间分配，以促进ASD儿童FMS水平的提升。
Association between 24 h movement behaviors and fundamental motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jinan
Objective To study the association between 24 h activities and Fundamental Motor Skills(FMS)among children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)using compositional data analysis,and the expected changes in FMS after isochronous substi-tution of each activity,in order to provide reference basis for improving FMS levels in children with ASD.Methods From October 2023 to April 2024,a total of 301 children with ASD aged 6-10 from 7 special education schools in Jinan,were investigated by cluster random sampling,and 24 h movement behaviors were calculated based on accelerator data.Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was used to assess FMS.R software was used to perform the descriptive statistical,multiple linear regression and i-sochronous substitution analyses.Results The proportion of moderate-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)in children with ASD was positively related with FMS scores,locomotor,and object control skills(β=12.42,6.32,6.10,P＜0.01).Reallocating 15 min from sleep(SLP)to MVPA resulted in respective increases of 3.66,1.91,and 1.75 points in FMS scores,locomotor skills,and object control skills(P＜0.05).Reallocating 15 min from sedentary behavior(SB)to MVPA resulted in respective increases of 3.72,1.88,and 1.83 points in FMS scores,locomotor skills,and object control skills(P＜0.05).Reallocating 15 min from light physical activity(LPA)to MVPA resulted in respective increases of 3.32,1.57,and 1.74 points in FMS scores,locomotor skills,and ob-ject control skills(P＜0.05).Moreover,reallocating 15 min from SB to LPA resulted in an increase of 0.28 points in locomotor skills(P＜0.05).Dose-response analysis revealed that substitution of MVPA for SLP,SB,and LPA in children with ASD enhanced their FMS levels,and their substitution was asymmetrical;and substitution of LPA for SB enhanced locomotor skills level.Conclu-sions Among the 24 h movement behaviors,increasing the time spent on MVPA and LPA have positive impacts on the FMS of children with ASD.Schools and families should optimize the allocation of 24 h activity time in children with ASD,so as to promote the improvement of FMS levels of children with ASD.
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