Relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels and social-emotional functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder
Objective To understand the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]levels and social-emo-tional functions in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),in order to provide the reference for comprehensive interventions in ASD children.Methods From January to June 2024,124 ASD children aged 1-3 who received rehabilitation training at desig-nated rehabilitation institutions in Nantong City,China were selected as the case group,while 124 healthy gender-and age-matched children who underwent health examinations at the same time were selected as the control group.The study used liquid chromatogra-phy-mass spectrometry to measure serum 25(OH)D levels in both groups of children.The Chinese Infant-Toddler Social and Emo-tional Assessment(CITSEA)was used to evaluate the emotional and socialization functioning of children with ASD,and to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and their emotional and social functioning.Results The serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in the case group[(59.22±19.96)nmol/L]compared to the control group[(85.50±21.59)nmol/L],and the rate of 25(OH)D deficiency or insufficiency(21.77％)was higher than that of the control group(7.26％),with statistically significant differ-ences(t/x2=-7.75,8.91,P＜0.01).The CITSEA evaluation results showed that the scores of the explicit behavior domain,im-plicit behavior domain,dysregulation domain,and ability domain in children with ASD were(63.37±10.44,56.29±9.36,57.04±10.65,38.92±17.91)points,and the abnormal detection rates were 50.81％,35.48％,41.13％,and 45.16％,respectively.A-mong them,the abnormal detection rates of the explicit behavior domain and ability domain were higher in boys(57.14％,51.02％)compared to girls(34.62％,23.08％),and the differences were statistically significant(x2=4.18,6.48,P＜0.05).The abnormal detection rates of explicit behavioral domains and dysregulated domains in ASD children with insufficient or deficient serum 25(OH)D(77.78％,59.26％)were higher than those in the normal serum 25(OH)D group(37.11％,18.56％),and the differences were statistically significant(x2=14.06,17.58,P＜0.01).Conclusion The serum 25(OH)D levels in children with ASD are signifi-cantly lower compared to levels in healthy children,and developmental abnormalities in social-emotional functioning are common concurrent problems.
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