Analysis of social-ecological factors influencing the development of fundamental motor skills among overweight and obese children
Objective To identify the social-ecological factors of individual,family,and physical environments for affecting the development of fundamental motor skills(FMS)among overweight and obese children,so as to provide a basis for the future inter-vention design and policy-making.Methods From March to April 2022,one public primary school was recruited from each of the 4 main urban areas in Shijiazhuang,and a total of 425 children in schools were recruited for data collection including individual,family,physical environmental factors,by using a stratified cluster random sampling approach.Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition(TGMD-3)was used to evaluate children's FMS.Hierarchical linear regression model was employed to analysis the associations between the 18 factors for individual,family,and physical environments,and the FMS of overweight and obese chil-dren.Results Individual level including the child's age,gender and sleep duration,and family level including high family eco-nomic level,parental support for physical activity,and the physical activity environment surrounding the family and community were consistent predictors of movement skills(B=0.422,-1.972,0.014,0.045,1.042,0.827,1.898),ball skills(B=0.858,3.953,0.013,0.092,2.141,1.173,1.954),and composite skills(B=1.305,1.915,0.028,0.142,3.091,1.962,3.879)among over-weight and obese children(P＜0.05).Furthermore,child's body mass index(BMI),moderate to vigorous physical activity,per-ceived motor competence,pleasure of exercise,as well as BMI and physical activity levels of their primary caregiver,were associat-ed with different types of FMS(P＜0.05).Individual,family,and physical environmental factors had moderate to high predictive explanatory power for FMS among overweight and obese children(f2=0.69,0.75,0.93,P＜0.01).Conclusions The factors in-fluencing the development of FMS in overweight and obese children are multifaceted,with individual,family,and physical environ-ment factors all playing significant roles.Corresponding measures should be actively taken to improve FMS in overweight and obese children.
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