接种流感疫苗对中小学生缺课预防效果实证研究
An empirical study on the effect of influenza vaccination on the prevention of school absence among primary and seconda-ry school students
李武 1刘兰兰 2谭惠玲 1蒋亚文 3陈婉宜 1庄春燕 1谢媛娜 1谢旭 4李刚1
作者信息
- 1. 广东省深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划管理科,518172
- 2. 国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心/深圳市第三人民医院(南方科技大学第二附属医院)临床研究项目管理办公室
- 3. 中山大学公共卫生学院(深圳)
- 4. 深圳市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所
- 折叠
摘要
目的 评估实施流感疫苗免费接种政策对中小学生缺课的预防效果,为制定和调整接种策略提供参考.方法 根据深圳市龙岗区6～18岁中小学生在2023年11月是否接种流感疫苗分为接种组(265 996名)和未接种组(122 513名),采用倾向性评分匹配对两组进行1∶1匹配以平衡协变量,以学生每月缺课次数为因变量构建双重差分模型,采用Poisson回归对总体和多时点效果进行分析.结果 接种流感疫苗可降低中小学生缺课的发生风险,对缺课的总体预防效果为26.52％(95％CI=23.47％～29.45％);2023年11(接种当月)和12月、2024年1月和3月的预防效果分别为42.12％,40.12％,30.33％,20.91％.接种流感疫苗对小学生的缺课预防效果(26.39％)与对中学生的缺课预防效果(27.97％)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);班级接种率的回归系数介于0.998～0.999(P值均＜0.01),即流感疫苗接种率每提高10％可降低1.5％～2.2％的缺课率.结论 开展中小学生免费流感疫苗接种可降低缺课的发生风险,具有良好社会经济学效益.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of implementing the free influenza vaccination policy on school absence among primary and secondary school students,so as to provide a reference for formulating and adjusting vaccination strategies.Methods Among primary and secondary school students aged 6 to 18 in Longgang District,Shenzhen,they were divided into a vaccinated group(265 996 students)and an unvaccinated group(122 513 students)according to their influenza vaccination history during November 2023.Propensity score matching was used to conduct a 1∶1 match between the two groups to balance covariates.The number of absences per month was set as the dependent variable to construct a difference-in-differences model,and Poisson re-gression was employed to analyze the overall and multi-time-point effects.Results Vaccination against influenza was associated with low rate of absenteeism among primary and secondary school students,with an overall preventive effect of 26.52％(95％CI=23.47％-29.45％).The preventive effects in November(the month of vaccination)and December 2023,January and March 2024 were 42.12％,40.12％,30.33％and 20.91％,respectively.The preventive effect of the influenza vaccine on absenteeism among primary school students(26.39％)was not significantly different from that among secondary school students(27.97％)(P＞0.05).The regression coefficient for class vaccination rates ranged from 0.998 to 0.999(P＜0.01),indicating that for every 10％increase in influenza vaccination rates,absenteeism could be reduced by 1.5％to 2.2％.Conclusion Implementing free influenza vaccina-tion for primary and secondary school students might help to reduce the risk of absenteeism,yielding significant socioeconomic ben-efits.
关键词
流感疫苗/接种/缺勤/回归分析/学生Key words
Influenza vaccines/Vaccination/Absenteeism/Regression analysis/Students引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据