摘要
目的 分析1起由流感嗜血杆菌引起的校园聚集性疫情的流行特征,探讨防控措施,为此类疫情的防控提供参考.方法 制订病例定义并开展病例搜索,开展个案调查和现场流行病学调查,采集咽拭子开展常见呼吸道病原体检测,并对疫情防控措施和疫苗接种的影响进行分析.结果 2023年6月6-19日,在龙岗区某小学发生1起由流感嗜血杆菌引起的聚集性疫情,共出现病例15名,病例均为一(1)班的学生,学校罹患率为0.67％(15/2 232),班级罹患率为31.91％(15/47);男生6例,女生9例,罹患率分别为25.00％、39.13％,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.079,P=0.299).临床症状以发热(100％)和咳嗽(80％)为主,发热体温最高40.0 ℃,最低37.4 ℃;临床诊断上以肺炎(26.67％)和支气管炎(46.67％)为主;采集5名个案咽拭子开展RT-PCR检测,结果显示:4名个案样品流感嗜血杆菌核酸阳性;实施停课措施后,第5 d开始无新发病例.结论 由流感嗜血杆菌引起的校园聚集性疫情较为少见,提高认知、采取合理防控措施可有效应对,疫情总体可防可控.
Abstract
Objective This study analyzed the epidemic characteristics of a campus cluster epidemic caused by Haemophilus influenzae,and explored prevention and control measures,to provide a reference for the prevention and control of such epidemics.Methods We developed case definitions and conducted case searches;conducted case investigations and on-site epidemiological investigations;collected throat swabs for common respiratory pathogen testing;and analyzed the effects of epidemic prevention and control measures and vaccination.Results From June 6 to 19 of 2023,a cluster epi-demic caused by H.influenzae occurred in a primary school in Longgang District,with a total of 15 cases,all in Class 1 stu-dents.The school's incidence rate was 0.67％(15/2 232),and the class's incidence rate was 31.91％(15/47).The cases were in six males and nine females,and no statistically significant difference in incidence rate was observed by gender(x2=1.079,P=0.299).The main clinical symptoms were fever(100％)and cough(80％);the highest fever temperature was 40.0 ℃,and the lowest was 37.4 ℃.The main clinical diagnoses were pneumonia(26.67％)and bronchitis(46.67％).Throat swabs from five cases were collected for RT-PCR testing,and the nucleic acid tests for Haemophilus influenzae were positive in four cases.After implementation of suspension measures,no new cases were observed starting from the fifth day.Conclu-sion Campus cluster outbreaks caused by Haemophilus influenzae are relatively rare.improving awareness and adopting reasonable prevention and control measures can are effective responses for prevention and control of the overall epidemic.
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