摘要
目的 了解贵州省凯里市儿童青少年常见病的情况,为教育、卫生等部门制订常见病的防治政策和措施提供科学依据.方法 于2021-2023年采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取凯里市7所监测学校8 867名中小学生进行常见病监测,监测数据按年份、学段、性别分组分析,利用SPSS 25.0软件对龋齿、近视、超重、肥胖、营养不良、脊柱弯曲检出率进行统计学分析.结果 2021-2023年凯里市中小学生龋齿、超重、脊柱弯曲异常呈下降趋势,营养不良呈上升趋势,差异均具有统计学意义.随着学段的上升,近视检出率(25.31％、67.28％、74.83％)、超重检出率(14.57％、16.26％、17.19％)、脊柱弯曲异常检出率(0.07％、0.53％、0.87％)呈上升趋势,龋齿检出率(74.10％、60.41％、63.04％)、肥胖检出率(15.43％、13.02％、8.80％)呈下降趋势,差异均具有统计学意义.男生龋齿、近视检出率分别为63.02％、42.54％,女生为73.22％、54.92％,男生肥胖率为15.92％,女生为9.94％,两者比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 凯里市中小学生营养不良呈上升趋势,近视、龋齿的检出率较高.
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed at determining health care priorities for children and adolescents in Kaili City,to provide a scientific basis for education,health,and other departments to formulate policies and measures.Methods According to the monitoring and intervention work program in Kaili City,through stratified cluster sampling,from 2021 to 2023,we identified 8 876 students at seven primary and secondary schools who were monitored for common diseases.For dental caries,myopia,overweight,obesity,malnutrition,and abnormal spinal curvature were analyzed.Results From 2021 to 2023,dental caries,overweight,and abnormal spinal curvature among primary and middle school students in Kaili City showed a decreasing trend.An increasing trend in malnutrition was statistically significant.With in-creasing school year,the detection rates of myopia(25.31％,67.28％,74.83％),overweight(14.57％,16.26％,17.19％),and abnormal spinal curvature(0.07％,0.53％,0.87％)showed an increasing trend,whereas the detection rates of dental caries(74.10％,60.41％,63.04％)and obesity(15.43％,13.02％,8.80％)showed a decreasing trend,which was statistically signifi-cant.The detection rates of dental caries and myopia were lower for boys(63.02％,42.54％)than girls(73.22％,54.92％).The obesity rate was 15.92％in boys and 9.94％in girls,and the difference was statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Malnutrition among primary and middle school students in Kaili City is on the rise,with high detection rates of myopia and dental caries.
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