摘要
目的 了解石狮市中小学生常见病现状,为制订有效的干预策略提供科学依据.方法 2021-2023年采用分层整群抽样方法连续3年开展石狮市中学生常见病监测调查,包括近视、肥胖、营养不良、脊柱弯曲异常和血压偏高等.结果 共监测5 108名学生.常见病检出率从高到低依次为近视(58.59％)、肥胖(18.56％)、血压偏高(10.12％)、营养不良(5.19％)、脊柱弯曲异常(4.82％).2021-2023年,近视和营养不良检出率呈下降趋势,而血压偏高检出率呈上升趋势;肥胖和血压偏高在男生中检出率高于女生,近视在男生中的检出率低于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);近视、脊柱弯曲异常、血压偏高检出率均随学段升高呈上升趋势,肥胖检出率呈下降趋势.结论 石狮市中小学生常见病问题仍突出,特别是近视及肥胖,相关部门应进一步推动儿童早期的健康教育和疾病防控,以全面提升学生的健康水平.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the current status of common diseases among primary and secondary students in Shishi,and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective intervention strategies.Methods From 2021 to 2023,a stratified cluster sampling method was employed to monitor the common diseases among schoolchildren in Shishi,including myopia,obesity,malnutrition,spinal curvature and high blood pressure.Results A total of 5 108 students were monitored.The prevalence of common diseases ranked from highest to lowest was:myopia(58.59％),obesity(18.56％),high blood pres-sure(10.12％),malnutrition(5.19％),and spinal curvature(4.82％).Myopia and malnutrition rates demonstrated a decreasing trend over the three years,while high blood pressure rates showed an increasing trend.The prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure in male students was higher than that in female students,while the prevalence of myopia in male students was lower than that in female students,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The prevalence of myopia,spinal curva-ture,and high blood pressure increased with higher grade levels,while the prevalence of obesity showed a decreasing trend.Conclusions Common health issues among primary and secondary students in Shishi remain prominent,especially myopia and obesity.Relevant authorities should further promote early childhood health education and disease prevention to compre-hensively improve students' health levels.
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