Renal fibrosis is the common pathological hallmark of various chronic kidney diseases,char-acterized by progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM).Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)is a key regulator of body's response to hypoxia.HIF regulates ECM synthesis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and pro-fibrosis signaling pathways.This review summarized the relationship between HIF-1α and re-nal fibrosis.