目的:分析奈玛特韦/利托那韦相关药物不良反应(adverse drug reaction，ADR)的特点，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:检索建库起至 2023 年 1 月中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、PubMed、Web of Sci-ence数据库，收集奈玛特韦/利托那韦相关ADR个案报道，提取文献资料进行统计分析。结果:共纳入文献17 篇，共计18 例患者。其中男性6 例，女性12 例，患者年龄为14～80 岁，其中71～80 岁年龄段比例最高。2 例怀疑为奈玛特韦/利托那韦导致的ADR，累及神经系统和心脏器官;16 例为与其他药物相互作用导致的ADR，相互作用药物为免疫抑制剂11 例，钙通道阻滞剂2 例，抗肿瘤药物、抗精神病药、血脂调节剂各1 例。经停药或对症支持治疗均治愈。结论:奈玛特韦/利托那韦的安全性仍需要进一步监测与研究，临床使用中需重点关注可能的药物相互作用，减少ADR的发生。
Literature analysis of adverse drug reactions related to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
Objective:To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)related to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in order to provide references for rational clinical drug use.Methods:The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science were searched to collect case reports of ADR related to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir from the establishment of the database up to January 2023.The literature was extracted for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 17 articles were included,involving 18 patients,6 males and 12 females.The age of the patients ranged 14 to 80 years,with the highest proportion in the age group of 71～80 years.ADRs occurring in neural and cardiac systems from 2 cases were suspected caused by nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.ADRs in sixteen cases were induced by the drug-drug interaction of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.Drugs that are involved in the drug interactions were immunosuppressants in 11 cases,calcium channel blockers in 2 cases,antineoplastic agents,antipsychotics,and lipid modifying agent in 1 case each.All patients were cured after drug withdrawal or receiving symptomatic and supportive treatment.Conclusion:The safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir still requires further monitoring and study.Attention should be paid to possible drug interactions in clinical use to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.
nirmatrelvirritonavirCOVID-19adverse drug reactiondrug-drug interaction
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